1.1 本指南从故障的角度进行油分析，包括滚动元件滚珠轴承磨损和工业应用中的流体劣化。 1.2 本指南涉及通过将分析方法应用于油分析程序，以检测特定故障模式，提高设备可靠性，降低维护成本，并增强主要用于工业机械的基于状态的维护程序。 1.3 本指南强调了在原始设计范围内进行适当组装、操作的要求，以及基于状态和基于时间的维护的需要。 1.4 本指南涵盖了指南中所述的故障模式和影响分析（FMEA）的原则 D7874 以及其与工业应用中滚动元件滚珠轴承磨损及其流体劣化的关系。 1.5 本标准并非旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。本标准的用户有责任在使用前制定适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 1.6 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒（TBT）委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认标准化原则制定的。 ====意义和用途====== 5.1 本指南旨在作为工业应用中监测滚动元件滚珠轴承状况的油测试选择合理性的指南。需要对类似的应用程序进行持续的基准测试，以确保不断实施所吸取的经验教训。 5.2 为检测滚动元件滚珠轴承故障模式而选择油试验，需要充分了解设备设计、操作要求和周围条件。具体来说，需要详细了解轴承设计配置、尺寸公差、负载方向、设计限制、润滑机制、润滑剂特性和润滑表面（包括轴承保持架）的冶金。 设备关键性和可访问性以及其他监测技术（例如，振动、超声波或热图像）的应用也是该分析过程中的关键信息。此外，对润滑油的详细了解至关重要。 5.3 为了正确应用FMEA方法，用户必须了解系统在所有操作模式下可能遇到的变化，它们对设计功能的影响以及能够检测这些变化的可用监测技术。为了帮助这种方法，请参阅第节 6. 将对滚动元件滚珠轴承的故障模式、原因和影响进行广泛描述。 5.4 众所周知，在大多数工业应用中，振动监测是用于检测滚动轴承故障模式、原因和影响的主要状态监测技术，而油分析主要用于监测润滑油特性。 然而，近年来，有一种趋势是使用油分析，以便更早地检测滚动元件滚珠轴承的某些故障。这尤其适用于复杂的动态系统，如压缩机、齿轮箱和一些燃气轮机，在这些系统中，获得振动频谱及其分析可能更为困难。

1.1 This guide approaches oil analysis from a failure standpoint and includes both the rolling element ball type bearing wear and fluid deterioration in industrial application. 1.2 This guide pertains to improving equipment reliability, reducing maintenance costs and enhancing the condition-based maintenance program primarily for industrial machinery by applying analytical methodology to oil analysis program for the purpose of detecting specific failure modes. 1.3 This guide reinforces requirements for appropriate assembly, operation within the original design envelope as well as the need for condition-based and time-based maintenance. 1.4 This guide covers the principles of Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) as described in Guide D7874 and its relationship to rolling element ball type bearing wear in industrial application and its fluid deterioration. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 5.1 This guide is intended as a guideline for justification of oil test selection for monitoring rolling element ball type bearing conditions in industrial applications. Continuous benchmarking against similar applications is required to ensure lessons learned are continuously implemented. 5.2 Selection of oil tests for the purpose of detecting rolling element ball type bearing failure modes requires good understanding of equipment design, operating requirements and surrounding conditions. Specifically, detailed knowledge is required on bearing design configuration, dimensional tolerances, load directions, design limitations, lubrication mechanisms, lubricant characteristics, and metallurgy of lubricated surfaces including bearing cages. Equipment criticality and accessibility as well as application of other monitoring techniques (for example, vibration, ultrasound or thermal images) are also critical information in this analysis process. In addition, detailed knowledge on the lubricating oil is paramount. 5.3 To properly apply the FMEA methodology users must understand the changes the system may encounter during all operating modes, their impact on design functions and available monitoring techniques capable of detecting these changes. To assist this approach, Section 6 will provide extensive descriptions on the rolling element ball type bearing failure modes, their causes and effects. 5.4 It is recognized that in most industrial applications vibration monitoring is the primary condition monitoring technique applied to detect failure modes, causes and effects in rolling element ball type bearings—while oil analysis is primarily used to monitor the lubricating oil properties. In the recent years, however, there is a trend toward using oil analysis in order to provide earlier detection of some failures of rolling element ball type bearings. This is particularly applicable to complex dynamic systems such as compressors, gearboxes and some gas turbines where obtaining vibration spectra and their analysis may be more difficult.