1.1 这些试验方法包括测定石油产品中的成分量，如润滑剂、添加剂和在试验条件下会皂化的传动液。 注1: 指南中给出了定义本试验及其应用于矿物绝缘油的意义的声明 D117 . 经验表明，对于变压器油，试验方法 D94 ，使用0.1修改 M KOH溶液和0.1 M 盐酸更合适。 1.1.1 描述了两种试验方法:方法A-颜色指示剂滴定（第节 6 – 13 )方法B-电位滴定法（第 14 – 23 ). 1.2 由于有时添加到石油产品中的硫、磷、卤素和某些其他元素的化合物也会消耗碱和酸，因此获得的结果表明，除了存在可皂化物质外，这些外来物质也会产生影响。 必须谨慎解释含有此类材料的产品、使用过的内燃机曲轴箱油和使用过的涡轮机油的结果。 注2: 上述材料通常不被视为可皂化物质，包括无机或某些有机酸、大多数非碱肥皂等。此类材料的存在使皂化值高于试验方法主要针对的脂肪皂化材料的皂化值。皂化试验中反滴定接近结束时的硫化氢气味表明样品中存在某些类型的活性硫化物。对于其他活性硫、氯和磷化合物以及其他干扰物质，在试验过程中没有给出简单指示。 重量法测定脂肪酸的实际含量可能是此类化合物最可靠的方法。试验方法 D128 或IP方法 284/86可用于重量法测定脂肪酸。 1.3 以国际单位制表示的数值应视为标准。 1.4 本标准并非旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。本标准的用户有责任在使用前制定适当的安全和健康实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 有关具体的危险说明，请参阅第节 6. , 7. , 8. , 10 , 15 , 16 , 17 和 19 . 1.5 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒（TBT）委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认标准化原则制定的。 ====意义和用途====== 5.1 石油产品可以含有添加剂，与碱反应形成金属皂。脂肪就是此类添加剂的例子。此外，某些用过的发动机机油，特别是来自涡轮或内燃机的机油，可能含有与碱发生类似反应的化学物质。皂化数表示将与1反应的碱的量 当以特定方式加热时，样品的重量为g。然后估算样品中存在的酸的量，即最初存在的任何游离酸加上在加热过程中已转化为金属皂的任何组合酸（例如酯）。 5.2 皂化值也用于设定润滑剂和添加剂的产品规格。

1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the amount of constituents in petroleum products such as lubricants, additives, and transmission fluids that will saponify under the conditions of the test. Note 1: Statements defining this test and its significance when applied to electrical insulating oils of mineral origin will be found in Guide D117 . Experience has shown that for transformer oils, Test Method D94 , modified by use of 0.1 M KOH solution and 0.1 M HCl, is more suitable. 1.1.1 Two test methods are described: Method A—Color Indicator Titration (Sections 6 – 13 ), and Method B—Potentiometric Titration (Sections 14 – 23 ). 1.2 Because compounds of sulfur, phosphorus, the halogens, and certain other elements that are sometimes added to petroleum products also consume alkali and acids, the results obtained indicate the effect of these extraneous materials in addition to the saponifiable material present. Results on products containing such materials, on used internal-combustion-engine crankcase oils, and on used turbine oils must be interpreted with caution. Note 2: The materials referred to above, which are not normally considered saponifiable matter, include inorganic or certain organic acids, most nonalkali soaps, and so forth. The presence of such materials increases the saponification number above that of fatty saponifiable materials for which the test method is primarily intended. The odor of hydrogen sulfide near the end of the back-titration in the saponification test is an indication that certain types of reactive sulfur compounds are present in the sample. In the case of other reactive sulfur, chlorine, and phosphorus compounds and other interfering materials, no simple indication is given during the test. A gravimetric determination of the actual amount of fatty acids is probably the most reliable method for such compounds. Test Methods D128 or IP Method 284/86 can be used to determine fatty acids gravimetrically. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Sections 6 , 7 , 8 , 10 , 15 , 16 , 17 , and 19 . 1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 5.1 Petroleum products can contain additives that react with alkali to form metal soaps. Fats are examples of such additives. Also, certain used engine oils, especially from turbine or internal combustion engines, can contain chemicals that will similarly react with alkali. The saponification number expresses the amount of base that will react with 1 g of sample when heated in a specific manner. This then gives an estimation of the amount of acid present in the sample, that is, any free acid originally present plus any combined (for example, in esters) that have been converted to metal soaps during the heating procedure. 5.2 Saponification numbers are also used in setting product specifications for lubricants and additives.