通过改变建筑实践、修改规范要求，以及利用空气处理设备将燃烧气体引导至可将烟雾从可居住区域排出的路径，可以极大地提高建筑物的消防安全性。浮力引起的烟雾运动和由此产生的驱动力（通常称为烟囱效应）在高层建筑中尤其强烈。烟囱效应负责将气体吸入较低水平的竖井，并在较高开口处将其排出。为了管理高层建筑中烟雾的移动，需要一个完整而详细的模型，包括烟囱效应的影响，以分析在高温天气下决定烟雾如何在整个建筑中移动的因素- 开火。本文描述了一个详细的计算机程序COSMO，它基于传热学、热力学和流体力学的基本原理。该程序有几个独特的功能。它不仅专门设计用于追踪高层建筑中的垂直烟雾运动，还将地板加压视为管理烟雾运动和提高居住者安全的一种手段。此外，该程序还包括一个详细的传热分析，该分析确定了烟气在竖井中向上移动时的温度。最后，该计划包括一个关于竖井内烟气流动的详细动量平衡，而不是假设水力平衡- 静压分布，这是大多数其他烟雾运动程序中经常使用的假设。该程序用于检查在高层结构火灾期间有效管理烟气流动和提高消防安全的因素。项目结果表明，现有的电梯通风规范可能会对消防安全问题产生不利影响，因为它会阻止烟雾从建筑物通风，并迫使其进入上层。研究了高层建筑中为烟气管理目的对地板加压的可能性。研究结果还表明，尺寸适中的空气处理装置可用于阻止烟雾进入上层的可居住空间，从而大大提高配备地板加压系统的建筑物的消防安全性。 通过仅对建筑物的上层进行选择性加压，可以进一步改善烟雾运动的管理。单位:双引文:ASHRAE交易，第115卷，第。2009年1月1日，芝加哥

Fire safety in buildings can be greatly improved by changing construction practices, modifying code requirements, and utilizing air-handling equipment to direct combustion gases into paths that would route smoke away from habitable areas. Buoyancy-induced movement of smoke and the resulting driving force, often referred to as stack effect, are particularly strong in tall buildings. The stack effect is responsible for drawing gases into vertical shafts at lower levels and expelling them at higher openings. In order to manage the movement of smoke throughout a tall building, a complete and detailed model, including the influence of the stack effect, is needed to analyze the factors that dictate how smoke moves throughout a building during a high-rise fire.This paper describes a detailed computer program called COSMO that is based on fundamental principles of heat transfer, thermodynamics, and fluid mechanics. The program has several unique features. It is not only specifically designed to trace the vertical smoke movement in a tall building, but it also considers floor pressurization as a means to manage the smoke movement and improve occupant safety. Furthermore, the program includes a detailed heat transfer analysis that determines the temperature of the smoke as it moves upward in a vertical shaft. Finally, the program includes a detailed momentum balance on the flow of smoke in the shaft rather than assuming a hydro-static pressure distribution, which is a frequently used assumption for most other smoke movement programs.The program is used to examine those factors that will effectively manage smoke movement and improve fire safety during a high-rise structural fire. Program results suggest that existing codes for elevator venting can have a detrimental effect on fire safety issues by inhibiting smoke from venting the building and forcing it into upper floors. The possibilities of pressurizing floors in a high-rise for the purpose of smoke management are examined. Results also show that modestsized air handlers can be used to keep smoke from reaching habitable spaces on upper floors, thereby greatly improving fire safety in buildings equipped with a floor pressurization system. Further improvements in the management of smoke movement can be achieved by selectively pressurizing only the upper floors in a building.Units: Dual