用于生产饮用水的膜正日益成为传统处理系统的替代品。通过为微生物提供绝对屏障，减少处理水所需的化学物质量，从而减少产生的消毒副产物（DBPs），膜可以以与当前传统工艺相同或更好的水质生产水。此外，膜系统倾向于产生一致的水质，而不考虑原水特性的波动。纳滤（NF）膜最常用于去除色度和硬度，但也有助于高去除DBP前体、总有机碳（TOC）和一些农药。有机物和浊度对NF膜的污染会严重限制其在地表水源中的潜在用途。超滤（UF）膜可以通过去除高分子量有机物、浊度和胶体物质来降低NF膜的负荷。 因此，集成UF/NF系统可能是地表水处理的可行替代方案。这种系统的另一个优点是提供了去除微生物的多屏障保证。本研究的总体目标是评估与生物反应器相结合的集成UF/NF膜系统，以确定该工艺是否可以与从地表水源生产饮用水的wellrun混凝/絮凝/沉淀（CFS）工艺相竞争。这将是一个多阶段项目，最初的工作重点是污染控制和预测，尤其是生物污染。污染是地表水系统使用膜的主要限制。将评估通过原水分析预测污染的能力，以及作为控制生物污染技术的营养物去除。包括38个参考文献，表1。

Membranes for the production of potable water are becoming an increasingly viablealternative to conventional treatment trains. Membranes can produce water at aquality equal to or better than that supplied by current traditional processes byproviding an absolute barrier to microorganisms, decreasing the amount ofchemicals required to treat water and as a result also decreasing the amount ofdisinfection byproducts (DBPs) produced. Additionally, membrane systems tend toproduce a consistent water quality regardless of fluctuations in the raw watercharacteristics. Nanofiltration (NF) membranes are most commonly used for colorand hardness removal but also facilitate high removal of DBP precursors, totalorganic carbon (TOC) and some pesticides. Fouling by organics and turbidity on NFmembranes can severely limit their potential usage with surface water sources. Anultrafiltration (UF) membrane can be utilized to decrease the loading on the NFmembrane by removing higher molecular weight organics, turbidity and colloidalmatter. As such, an integrated UF/NF system may be a feasible alternative for thetreatment of surface waters. This type of system has the further advantage ofproviding a multibarrier assurance of the removal of microorganisms. The overallgoal of this research is to evaluate an integrated UF/NF membrane system combinedwith a bioreactor in order to determine if the process can compete with a wellrun coagulation/ flocculation/sedimentation (CFS) process for the production ofdrinking water from a surface water source. This will be a multiphase projectwith the initial work focusing on fouling control and prediction, especiallybiofouling. Fouling is the major limitation to the utilization of membranes forsurface water systems. The ability to predict fouling by analysis of the rawwater will be assessed, along with nutrient removal as a technique to control biofouling. Includes 38 references, table.