N-亚硝二甲胺（NDMA）是一种强效致癌物，直到20世纪70年代中期，它一直与火箭燃料的生产有关。它还被用作润滑剂的抗氧化剂添加剂，橡胶工业中共聚物的柔软剂，在腌肉制品（如培根和熏鱼）中发现微量。据估计，饮用水中1.4万亿分之一（ppt）的浓度会给人类带来100万分之一的额外终生癌症风险。加利福尼亚州卫生服务部（DHS）已经确定了20 ppt的临时行动水平，并正在考虑将未来的行动水平降至2 ppt。 在水处理和废水处理厂中，大多数生成NDMA的反应发生在亚硝酸盐源和中等酸性溶液中的仲胺、叔胺或季胺之间。已确定为NDMA前体的胺源包括二甲胺（DMA）和四甲基硫脲二硫化物（福美双）。在水和废水处理中用作助凝剂的聚合物（聚电解质）也是一种潜在的胺源。许多除草剂都含有二甲基氨基甲酸盐。福美双用于种子杀菌剂和动物驱避剂。 加利福尼亚州喷泉谷的奥兰治县水区（OCWD）在两口饮用水供应井中检测到NDMA，超过20 ppt的临时行动水平，以及来自21号水厂（WF 21）的再生水中检测到NDMA，该水厂经过石灰处理、再碳化和过滤，然后是颗粒活性炭（GAC）或反渗透（RO），其水平超过100 ppt。对WF 21各单元工艺一年内收集的NDMA数据的分析表明，这些深度处理工艺不会将NDMA去除到任何明显的水平。 另一方面，氯化导致NDMA的形成/改造。因此，OCWD开展了NDMA销毁和形成/改造预防研究，并进行了降低NDMA水平的试点测试。本文概述了NDMA来源、治疗文献调查、OCWD销毁NDMA的初步研究结果，以及对形成/改造控制方案的评估。包括参考资料、表格、图表。

N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) is a potent carcinogen and historically was associated with the production of rocket fuels until the mid 1970s. It is also used as an antioxidant additive for lubricants, a softener of copolymers in the rubber industry, and is found in trace amounts in cured meat products such as bacon and smoked fish. The additional lifetime cancer risk of 1 in 1,000,000 in humans is estimated to be posed by a 1.4 parts per trillion (ppt) concentration in drinking water. The California Department of Health Services (DHS) has established an interim action level of 20 ppt and is considering a future action level as low as 2 ppt. In water treatment and wastewater treatment plants, most NDMA generating reactions occur between a source of nitrite and a secondary, tertiary or quaternary amine in a mildly acidic solution. Amine sources that have been identified as precursors for NDMA include dimethylamine (DMA) and tetramethylthiuram disulfide (thiram). Polymers (polyelectrolytes) used in water and wastewater treatment as coagulant aids are also a potential amine source. Many herbicides contain the DMA salt. Thiram is used in seed fungicides and animal repellents. Orange County Water District (OCWD) of Fountain Valley, California detected NDMA in two drinking water supply wells in excess of the 20 ppt interim action level and in reclaimed water from Water Factory 21 (WF 21) that was treated through lime treatment, recarbonation, and filtration followed by either granular activated carbon (GAC) or reverse osmosis (RO) in levels exceeding 100 ppt. Analysis of NDMA data collected over a period of one year for each unit process at WF 21 indicated that NDMA is not removed by these advanced treatment processes to any appreciable levels. Chlorination, on the other hand, resulted in formation/reformation of NDMA. As a result, OCWD conducted NDMA destruction and formation/reformation prevention studies and pilot testing for reducing the NDMA levels. This paper presents a summary of NDMA sources, a survey of treatment literature, results of pilot studies for the destruction of NDMA at OCWD, and an evaluation of formation/reformation control options. Includes reference, tables, figures.