本文件提供了评估人类接触可能导致不良影响的物质所需的土壤特性类型和程度的指南。 它不提供以下方面的指导: -设计或选择可用于估计暴露的数值模型； -可能接触放射性、病原体或土壤中的石棉。 提供与土壤接触有关的人类健康背景信息，以及通过不同途径对接触的影响。 注1:为方便起见，本文件中的“土壤”也包括“土壤材料”，除非另有说明。 注2:整体暴露可能是由于土壤、地下水和空气中的潜在有害物质（PHSs）。 接触土壤中的物质可以是直接的（例如通过吸入、摄入、皮肤接触），也可以是间接的（通过食用摄入了相关物质的植物或动物）。 注3:当潜在有害物质因人类活动（例如在旧工业场地）而存在时，通常需要对其对人类健康的可能影响进行评估，但当其自然存在时，有时可能需要进行评估。 注4:在评估土壤与其用途之间的相容性（即土壤质量评估）之前，先对土壤进行表征。可以使用概念性场地模型（CSM）和健康风险评估等工具来帮助进行评估。 注5:土壤特征可用于概述人群暴露于土壤的情况。 其他国际标准可以帮助描述其他介质（如地表水和地下水）对人类可能产生的不利影响。

This document provides guidance on the type and extent of soil characterization necessary for the evaluation of human exposure to substances present in possibly leading to adverse effects. It does not provide guidance on: — the design or selection of numerical models that can be used to estimate exposure; — potential exposure to radioactivity, pathogens or asbestos in soil. Background information is provided on human health related to exposure to soil and the influence on exposure via different pathways. NOTE 1 For convenience "soil" in this document also includes "soil material" unless stated otherwise. NOTE 2 Overall exposure can be due to potentially harmful substances (PHSs) in soil, groundwater and air. Exposure to those in soil can be direct (e.g. through inhalation, ingestion, cutaneous contact), or indirect (through the consumption of plants or animals that have taken up substances of concern). NOTE 3 The evaluation of the possible impact on human health of potentially harmful substances is most commonly required when these are present as a result of human activity (e.g. on old industrial sites) but can sometimes be required when they are present naturally. NOTE 4 Soil characterization precedes the assessment of the compatibility between soil and its use (i.e. soil quality assessment). Tools such as a conceptual site model (CSM) and health risk assessment can be used to aid this assessment. NOTE 5 Soil characterization can be used to develop an overview of population exposure to soil. Other International Standards are available that can aid the characterization of other media (e.g. surface and groundwater), in terms of their possible adverse effects on humans.