1.1 本标准提供了识别构成测试方法测试结果的要素的指南，并说明了这些要素如何结合到测试结果中。 1.2 讨论了用于表达观察结果和测试结果的测量量表的类型。 1.3 本标准中未规定单位制。 1.4 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认的标准化原则制定的。 ====意义和用途====== 4.1 所有测试方法都有一个测试结果形式的输出。本指南提供了更多基本测量结果的构建信息。 4.2 在对测试方法做出任何精度声明之前，需要有一个定义明确的测试结果。 4.2.1 ASTM标准的形式和样式， 2. 第A21节要求，每种测试方法都应包含一份关于其精度的声明，最好是作为实验室间测试程序的结果。实践中描述了此类研究的报告 E177 ，说明了从观察和测试确定中得出的测试结果的发展。 4.2.2 ASTM试验方法的精度说明适用于试验结果。除非另有明确说明，否则它们不适用于试验测定或观察。

1.1 This standard provides guidelines for identifying the elements that comprise the test result of a test method and to illustrate how these elements combine into the test result. 1.2 Types of measurement scales used for expressing observations and test results are discussed. 1.3 No system of units is specified in this standard. 1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 4.1 All test methods have an output in the form of a test result. This guide provides information on the construction of test results from more elemental measurements. 4.2 A well-defined test result is necessary before any precision statements can be made about the test method. 4.2.1 Form and Style for ASTM Standards, 2 Section A21, requires that every test method shall contain a statement regarding its precision, preferably as a result of an interlaboratory test program. Reporting of such studies is described in Practice E177 , which illustrates the development of test results from observations and test determinations. 4.2.2 Precision statements for ASTM test methods are applicable to test results. They are not applicable to test determinations or observations, unless specifically and clearly indicated otherwise.