进行了研究，以评估反渗透水处理技术在去除废水中的应用 北达科他州小型社区地下水中的砷。使用点反向 对渗透（POU-RO）技术进行了评估。2001年安装了21台POU-RO装置 北达科他州奥克斯的住宅和其他建筑进行试点测试。安装后，装置 对砷的去除进行了两年的监测。除了评估砷的去除， 有关管理、维护、监测和治疗费用的问题得到了解决 通过这项研究。 奥克斯市位于北达科他州东南部，是一个以住宅为主的社区。 该市人口约1760人。奥克斯的饮用水由三口井供应 位于城市的不同地区。从工厂抽水的原水中的典型砷浓度 这些油井的产量范围为10至21 ppb。输送到奥克斯住宅的水并非如此 以任何方式消毒或处理。 通过定期收集和分析处理过的水样本来评估砷的去除 （即渗透）和未经处理的水，这些水来自为中试安装的每个装置。总共 在整个过程中收集并分析了105个渗透样品和115个未经处理的水样 两年的测试期。未经处理的饮用水中砷的浓度范围为6 平均砷浓度为13.5 ppb。除了一个例外，砷 渗透样品中的浓度范围为0至4 ppb，平均砷含量为 浓度为0.25 ppb。 尽管在试验期间收集的大多数渗透液样本不含 在砷含量可测量的情况下，一些装置确实显示出膜减少的迹象 监控期间的绩效。降低了膜的性能 随着时间的推移，渗透液的电导率逐渐增加。 然而，即使 当渗透电导率超过未处理水电导率的一半时，装置仍然 产生了大量的砷去除。 虽然反渗透被认为是砷的主要去除机制，但它可能 并不是唯一重要的机制。POU-RO装置还包含两个激活的 碳粉盒。因为这两个都是碳块滤芯，所以它们也可以用作过滤器。 使用一年后更换预滤器时，观察到预滤器有涂层 用铁。砷在铁上的吸附可能是另一个原因 移除机制。包括9个参考文献、表格、图表。

Research was done to evaluate the use of reverse osmosis water treatment technology to remove arsenic from groundwater supplies for small communities in North Dakota. Point-of-use reverse osmosis (POU-RO) technology was evaluated. Twenty-one POU-RO units were installed in homes and other buildings in Oakes, North Dakota for a pilot test. After installation, the units were monitored for arsenic removal for two years. In addition to evaluating arsenic removal, questions about the management, maintenance, monitoring, and cost of treatment were addressed by this research. The City of Oakes is a predominantly residential community located in southeast North Dakota. The city has a population of about 1,760. Oakes drinking water is supplied by three wells situated in different parts of the city. Typical arsenic concentrations in raw water pumped from these wells range from 10 to 21 ppb. The water delivered to residences in Oakes is not disinfected or treated in any way. Arsenic removal was evaluated by periodically collecting and analyzing samples of treated water (i.e., permeate) and untreated water from each of the units installed for the pilot test. A total of 105 permeate samples and 115 untreated water samples were collected and analyzed over the two- year test period. The arsenic concentrations in the untreated drinking water ranged from 6 to 40 ppb and the average arsenic concentration was 13.5 ppb. With one exception, the arsenic concentrations in the permeate samples ranged from 0 to 4 ppb and the average arsenic concentration was 0.25 ppb. Even though most of the permeate samples collected during the test period contained no measurable amounts of arsenic, a few of the units did exhibit signs of reduced membrane performance over the course of the monitoring period. Reduced membrane performance was indicated by a gradual increase in the conductivity of the permeate over time. However, even when permeate conductivity exceeded one half of the untreated water conductivity, the unit still produced substantial arsenic removal. Although reverse osmosis was believed to be the main removal mechanism for arsenic, it may not have been the only significant mechanism. The POU-RO units also contained two activated carbon cartridges. Since these were both carbon block cartridges, they also serve as filters. When the prefilters were changed after one year of service, it was observed that they were coated with iron. It is possible that adsorption of arsenic onto the iron may have been an additional removal mechanism. Includes 9 references, table, figures.