对1946年至1980年和1965年至1982年期间水传播疾病暴发的统计数据进行的分析表明，在需要消毒的地方没有提供消毒，在提供消毒的地方没有适当的操作。本文综述了影响氯灭活细菌、病毒和原生动物效果的因素，以预防和控制水传播疾病暴发。审查的因素包括氯浓度、接触时间、pH值、温度和干扰（化学和物理）物质。对每个因素进行评估，以确定操作条件下的消毒能力，并确定应对病原体挑战所需的调整。 包括15个参考文献、表格和图表。

An analysis of statistics compiled on outbreaks of waterborne disease from 1946 to 1980 and from 1965 to 1982 showed that disinfection was not provided where it was needed and was not properly operated where it was provided. This article reviews the factors that influence chlorine's effectiveness in inactivating bacteria, viruses, and protozoans for the purpose of preventing and controlling waterborne disease outbreaks. The factors reviewed are chlorine concentration, contact time, pH, temperature, and interfering (chemical and physical) substances. Each of the factors are evaluated to determine disinfection capability under operating conditions and to determine the adjustments necessary for coping with the challenges of pathogens. Includes 15 references, tables, figure.