小型供水系统面临着遵守现有法规的挑战，包括 第1阶段消毒剂/消毒副产品规则（D/DBPR），并将面临更大的风险 当阶段2 D/DBPR生效时的挑战。会有额外的 含有天然有机物（NOM）的地表水供应面临的挑战 产生DBP超过总三卤甲烷（TTHM）或五卤甲烷的特性 规定的卤乙酸（HAA5）最大污染物水平（MCL）。此外 一些水源特性和其他净化水质量目标可能会产生干扰 使用DBP控制策略。本演示介绍卡拉维拉斯县的水资源 Jenny区生活用水系统（JLS）经验 第一阶段D/DBP规则。具体而言，JLDWS超过了HAA5的年度运行水平 2005年期间，平均（RAA）MCL为60微克/升。Jenny Lind水处理厂处理的原水 （JLWTP）由于锰含量相对较高，因此更难处理 在其水源中的浓度，以及过去高于正常的TOC水平 4年，伴随着三年的干旱和高于正常水平的降雨量 在2004年和2005年的冬天。JLWTP运营商使用了臭氧、氯 和高锰酸钾进行预氧化，并使用聚合氯化铝（PACl） 或PACl与聚合物混合用于凝固。治疗过程包括接触 在五个模块化处理单元中进行澄清和过滤。氯被添加到过滤后的溶液中 水处理装置和两个现场清水井之间的水。配电系统策略包括季节性地减少存储容量 位于整个JLDWS的水箱，以减少最大水龄。TTHM和 HAA5监测频率也从每季度增加到每月，以减少风险 单一实验室结果可能导致合规性问题的风险。台秤 10月进行的TTHM和HAA5形成随时间变化的评估 2005年表示，水龄应小于3天，以便于遵守HAA5 MCL。 潜在的工艺修改包括优化 现有臭氧系统，评估二氧化氯预氧化的使用，使用颗粒活性炭 （GAC）过滤介质，以去除与UV254吸光度相关的TOC部分，以及 SUVA值高，和/或改用氯胺作为最终消毒剂。包括5个参考文献、表格、图表。

Small water systems face challenges complying with existing regulations including the Stage 1 Disinfectants/Disinfection Byproducts Rule (D/DBPR) and will face increased challenges when the Stage 2 D/DBPR becomes effective. There will be additional challenges for surface water supplies that contain natural organic matter (NOM) with characteristics that produce DBPs exceeding the total trihalomethane (TTHM) or the five regulated haloacetic acid (HAA5) maximum contaminant levels (MCLs). In addition some source water characteristics and other treated water quality goals may interfere with DBP control strategies. This presentation describes the Calaveras County Water District (District) Jenny Lind Domestic Water System (JLDWS) experience with the Stage 1 D/DBP Rule. Specifically, the JLDWS exceeded the HAA5 running annual average (RAA) MCL of 60 µg/L during 2005. the raw water treated at the Jenny Lind Water Treatment Plant (JLWTP) has been more difficult to treat due to a relatively high manganese concentration in its source water, and a higher than normal TOC level during the past 4 years associated with a three-year drought followed by a higher than normal rainfall during the winter in 2004 and 2005. The JLWTP operators have used ozone, chlorine and potassium permanganate for pre-oxidation, and use polyaluminum chloride (PACl) or PACl blended with polymer for coagulation. The treatment process includes contact clarification and filtration in five modular treatment units. Chlorine is added to the filtered water between the water treatment units and two on-site clearwells. Distribution system strategies include seasonally reducing the volume in the storage tanks located throughout the JLDWS to reduce the maximum water age. The TTHM and HAA5 monitoring frequency was also increased from quarterly to monthly to reduce the risk that a single laboratory result could create a compliance problem. A bench scale evaluation of TTHM and HAA5 formation as a function of time conducted in October 2005 indicated that the water age should be less than 3 days to facilitate compliance with the HAA5 MCL. Potential process modifications included optimizing operation of the existing ozone system, evaluating use of chlorine dioxide for pre-oxidation, using granular activated carbon (GAC) filter media to remove the TOC fraction associated with UV254 absorbance and high SUVA values, and/or switching to chloramines as a final disinfectant. Includes 5 references, table, figures.