鉴于许多反渗透（RO）和纳滤（NF）膜装置在美国投入使用 美国和其他地方，以及持续快速增长的 市政供水，人们会认为是经过验证的、无风险的后处理工艺设计 施工和调试后的操作将非常常规。然而 已经发生过多起产品水后处理设计不当的案例 导致配电系统出现严重的水质问题，如腐蚀 （如红水）、沉淀（如浊度）、适当消毒剂残留的损失，以及其他 问题。后处理过程可能因具体应用和环境而大不相同 位置、膜系统渗透水质、膜旁路/混合能力、， 施工材料和现有配水系统的状况，来自 其他供水来源，处理设施和 分配系统和成品水质量目标。本文讨论了 目前常用的后处理工艺设施和化学品及其设计 正确评估和选择后处理的方法 选择。 包括表格、数字。

Given the many reverse osmosis (RO) and nanofiltration (NF) membrane plants in service in the United States and elsewhere, and the continuing rapid growth of the technologies for municipal water supply, one would think that proven, no-risk post-treatment process design and operation after construction and commissioning would be very routine. However, there have been a number of cases where improper product water post-treatment design has resulted in significant water quality problems in the distribution system, such as corrosion (e.g. red water), precipitation (e.g. turbidity), loss of proper disinfectant residual, and other problems. Post-treatment processes can vary widely based on the specific application and location, membrane system permeate water quality, ability for membrane bypass/blending, materials of construction and condition of existing distribution system, water quality from other water supply sources, potential for blending at the treatment facility and in the distribution system, and finished water quality goals. This paper discusses the types of post-treatment process facilities and chemicals commonly being used today and the design approach that should be used for proper evaluation and selection of the post-treatment alternatives. Includes tables, figures.