当管道不能随温度变化自由膨胀时，可能会损坏管道或连接设备。管道膨胀可以通过机械装置或管道本身的自然柔性来调节。柔性管道的应力分析必须考虑由于地下系统有限的膨胀空间使用导向或约束。引文:研讨会，ASHRAE交易，1983年，第89卷，pt。华盛顿特区2B。

When pipe is not free to expand with changes of temperature, damage to the pipe or attaching equipment may occur. Pipe expansion may be accommodated by mechanical devices or the natural flexibility of the pipe itself. Stress analysis of flexible piping must consider the use of guides or restraints due to the limited expansion space in underground systems.