含铅物质的腐蚀和溶解会将铅释放到饮用水中 现有旧饮用水服务管线中的管道、配件和焊料。 由此产生的高铅浓度可能会对健康造成不良影响。Pb（II）固体和 铅（IV）氧化物被发现是覆盖在铅管壁上的腐蚀产物 铅释放的主要贡献者。其中，Pb（II）固体被认为具有 相对于Pb（IV）氧化物，溶解度更高。因此，切换残留消毒 从氯到氯胺的方法可以降低氧化- 还原电位（ORP）， 从而使铅（IV）氧化物分解，从而提高铅含量 浓度然而，关于平衡溶解度或溶解的数据有限 以及Pb（IV）氧化物的转化率。此外，对水的大量研究 铅（IV）氧化物形成并随时间稳定下来的化学条件需要一个 控制饮用水分配系统中铅浓度的科学策略。 在本研究中，研究了纯水的平衡溶解度、溶解和转化率 研究了Pb（IV）氧化物与pH、溶解无机碳（DIC）的关系， 正磷酸盐和氯胺的存在。新的铅管使用 研究了氯生成Pb（IV）氧化物的过程以及铅的释放速率 在不同的水化学、停滞时间和流速下。铅腐蚀 产品及其可能的转化的特点是 矿物学、尺寸、形态、表面积和分子结构。水化学 条件，包括pH、ORP（氯浓度、铅浓度和 还研究了a-PbO2和ß-PbO₂随时间形成并稳定的DIC。 包括11个参考文献、表格、图表。

Lead can be released to drinking water from corrosion and dissolution of lead-containing pipes, fittings and solders in existing old drinking water service lines. Resulting high lead concentrations can cause adverse health effects. Pb(II) solids and Pb(IV) oxides, discovered as the corrosion products covering the walls of lead pipes, are the major contributors to lead release. Among them, Pb(II) solids are presumed to have higher solubility relative to Pb(IV) oxides. Thus, switching the residual disinfection method from chlorine to chloramines can lower the oxidation-reduction potential (ORP), thereby enabling the breakdown of Pb(IV) oxides and consequently higher lead concentration. However, there is limited data on the equilibrium solubility or dissolution and transformation rates of Pb(IV) oxides. Also, substantial research on the water chemistry conditions in which Pb(IV) oxides form and stabilize over time is needed for a scientific strategy of controlling lead concentration in drinking water distribution systems. In this research, the equilibrium solubility, dissolution and transformation rates of pure Pb(IV) oxides are investigated as a function of pH, dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), orthophosphate, and the presence of chloramines. New lead pipes are conditioned using chlorine to form Pb(IV) oxides, and release rates of lead from them are investigated under varied water chemistry, stagnation time and flow velocity. The lead corrosion products and possible transformation of them are characterized with respect to mineralogy, size, morphology, surface area, and molecular structure. Water chemistry conditions, including pH, ORP in terms of chlorine concentration, lead concentration and DIC, in which a-PbO2 and ß-PbO₂ form and stabilize over time are also studied. Includes 11 references, tables, figures.