Removal patterns were examined for biological and nonbiological materials during full-scale biofilter backwashes. The backwash sequence included low-rate water wash with air scour, high-rate water wash, and low-rate water wash. During the tested backwashes, the removal patterns for biological and nonbiological materials were similar. The maximum removal of biological material and the maximum removal of nonbiological material occurred at the beginning of the high-rate water wash. The relationship between backwash duration and biofilter performance during ripening was also investigated. Backwashes with high-rate water wash phases that ended before wash water transmittance reached 80 percent were associated with shorter ripening periods and lower return-to-service filter effluent turbidity.