纽约市环境保护局正在进行初步设计 新的每天700万至900万加仑（MGD）饮用水工厂的阶段。这种植物会 位于皇后区，将利用冰川上层的地下水 含水层（约80英尺深的含水层）作为其水源。水位很高 铁（总量:1至15 mg/l）、锰（1至1.5 mg/l）、四氯乙烯（PCE-5）的含量 MTBE（1至140微克/升）和硬度（CaCO3为150至600毫克/升）。这个 该工厂拟议的全规模处理系统包括pH值调整、铁/锰 氧化、膜过滤、膜软化、两级气提和最终过滤 化学调理。 由于现场目前只有地下水井，但没有处理厂，因此- gpm试验工厂建在一座空的仓库内。 试验工厂 工艺装置包括通过引风塔盘曝气器进行pH调节的平行装置 添加苛性钠，钾氧化铁和锰的平行序列 高锰酸盐或臭氧，微滤（MF）和超滤（UF）的平行序列 skids（Ionics、Pall和Zenon是制造商）和膜软化（one Osmonics） skid将交替测试科赫纳滤（NF）和Osmonics低压反向过滤 渗透（RO）膜）。 一旦构思出合适的pH氧化策略并通过MF/UF过滤器， 对NF和RO膜进行测试，以去除硬度和VOCs。什么之中的一个 中试工厂的既定目标是评估NF和RO的有效性 去除地下水中的硬度和挥发性有机物的膜。两个NF/RO 膜被交替测试:科赫的NF和渗透性低- 压力反渗透 膜，每个膜至少连续三周。 纽约市北部的供水系统（Catskill Delaware systems）满足了 该市90%的饮用水需求。该水源相对较软（平均 硬度为22 mg/l（CaCO3）；因此，该市希望从这座新城市开采地下水 工厂将与终端用户目前收到的水非常相似。具有 含水层上部存在高硬度的NF 我们肩负着这个责任。 除了去除硬度外，人们还希望NF和RO膜能够 去除地下水中的一些挥发性有机化合物（VOCs）。这个 NF和RO膜去除挥发性有机物（如MTBE、PCE和TCE）的能力 在评估全面设施的设计目标时非常重要。 包括表格、数字。

The New York City Department of Environmental Protection is in the preliminary design stage of a new 7 to 9 million gallon per day (MGD) drinking water plant. This plant will be located in the borough of Queens and will utilize groundwater from the Upper Glacial Aquifer (approximately 80-foot deep aquifer) as its sourcewater. The water has high levels of iron (Total: 1 to 15 mg/l), manganese (1 to 1.5 mg/l), tetrachloroethene (PCE - 5 to 160 ug/l), MTBE (1 to 140 ug/l), and hardness (150 to 600 mg/l as CaCO3). The proposed full-scale treatment train for this plant includes pH adjustment, iron/manganese oxidation, membrane filtration, membrane softening, two-stage air stripping, and final chemical conditioning. As only the groundwater wells but no treatment plant currently exists on the site, a 100- gpm pilot plant was constructed within an empty storage building. The pilot plant process train includes parallel trains of pH adjustment via induced draft tray aerator or caustic soda addition, parallel trains of iron and manganese oxidation by potassium permanganate or ozone, parallel trains of microfiltration (MF) and ultrafiltration (UF) skids (Ionics, Pall, & Zenon are manufacturers), and membrane softening (one Osmonics skid will alternately test Koch nanofiltration (NF) and Osmonics low-pressure reverse osmosis (RO) membranes). Once a suitable pH-oxidation strategy was conceived and run through the MF/UF filters, the NF and RO membranes were put to the test to remove hardness and VOCs. One of the stated goals of the pilot plant was to evaluate the effectiveness of NF and RO membranes to remove hardness and VOCs from the groundwater. Two NF/RO membranes were alternately tested: Koch's NF and Osmonics' low-pressure RO membranes, each for a continuous period of at least three weeks. New York City's upstate water supply (Catskill-Delaware systems) satisfies more than 90% of the City's drinking water needs. This sourcewater is relatively soft (average hardness of 22 mg/l as CaCO3); therefore, the City desired that groundwater from this new plant would closely resemble the water which the end users currently received. With high hardness levels present in the Upper Glacial Aquifer, the NF and RO membranes were tasked with this responsibility. In addition to hardness removal, it was also hoped that the NF and RO membranes could remove some of the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) present in the groundwater. The NF and RO membranes' ability to remove VOCs such as MTBE, PCE, and TCE is important in evaluating design objectives for a full-scale facility. Includes tables, figures.