各种方法可以量化生物膜，而不会因分离而中断 经过多年的发展。一种基本方法是将高级 显微镜下分子染色。然而，许多污渍（4'，6-二氨基-2-苯基吲哚） （DAPI）、吖啶橙或活死点）在腐蚀时可能是非特异性的 存在产品、沉淀物和管道材料。此外，一些管道材料 使用荧光显微镜时会导致高背景。新的改进 本演示中讨论了使用荧光光谱法从 四种常见的配水系统管道材料:PVC、铸铁、“混凝土”内衬铸铁 铁和镀锌铁。所有四种材料的最大排放量介于 500和550纳米，但发射在575-600纳米左右急剧下降。分子 探员，波- PRO3的最大发射强度为599nm（远） 红色），当它与DNA结合时，发射强度要大200倍。BO-PRO3 大大减少了非特异性染色和背景问题。在预赛中 实验中，使用稀释的废水，发现了显著的线性关系 染色表面积/总面积比与来自 R2A培养基上的异养平板计数（HPC）和总直接计数（TDC）。在里面 此外，试验分配系统中不同管道材料试样上的生物量 也与染色表面积分数和HPC相关。 包括10个参考文献、表格和图表。

A variety of approaches to quantify the biofilm without disruption due to detachment have been developed over the years. One basic approach is the combination of advanced microscopy with molecular staining. However many stains (4',6-diamino-2-phenylindole (DAPI), acridine orange or live-dead stains) can be non-specific when corrosion products, precipitates, and pipe material are present. In addition, some pipe materials cause high background when using epifluorescent microscopy. The new refinement discussed in this presentation used fluorescence spectroscopy to obtain the spectra from four common distribution system pipe materials: PVC, cast iron, "concrete" lined cast iron, and galvanized iron. The emission maximum for all four materials was between 500 and 550 nm, but emissions radically decreased around 575-600 nm. A molecular probe, BO-PRO3 was identified which has an emission intensity maximum at 599nm (far red), with emission intensity 200 times greater when it is bound to DNA. The BO-PRO3 has greatly reduced non-specific staining and background problems. In the preliminary experiment, using diluted wastewater, a significant linear relationship was found between stained surface area/total area ratio and fixed biomass measurements from heterotrophic plate counts (HPC) on R2A medium and total direct count (TDC). In addition, the biomass on different pipe material coupons from pilot distribution systems was also correlated to the stained surface area fraction and HPC. Includes 10 references, tables, figures.