1.1 本指南涵盖了如何使用套管推进钻井和采样程序进行地质环境勘探和安装地下水质监测装置。 1.2 在地质环境勘探中，有不同的方法推进套管。应根据现场地质条件选择特定方法。本指南不包括本指南中所述的钢丝绳旋转套管推进器系统的程序 D5786 . 1.3 地质环境勘探和监测设备安装的套管推进钻井方法通常涉及安全规划、管理和文件。本指南无意专门论述勘探和现场安全。 1.4 以国际单位制或英寸-磅单位表示的数值应单独视为标准值。每个系统中规定的值可能不是精确的等效值；因此，每个系统应相互独立使用。 将两个系统的值合并可能会导致不符合标准。 1.5 本标准并非旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。本标准的用户有责任在使用前制定适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 1.6 本指南提供了有组织的信息收集或一系列选项，并不推荐具体的行动方案。 本文件不能取代教育或经验，应与专业判断一起使用。并非本指南的所有方面都适用于所有情况。本ASTM标准不代表或取代必须根据其判断给定专业服务的充分性的谨慎标准，也不应在不考虑项目的许多独特方面的情况下应用本文件。本文件标题中的“标准”一词仅表示该文件已通过ASTM共识程序获得批准。 1.7 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒（TBT）委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认标准化原则制定的。 ====意义和用途====== 4.1 套管推进可用于支持地质环境勘探，并在未固结和固结沉积物中安装地下水质监测装置。 用于地质环境勘探和仪器安装的套管推进系统和程序包括使用传统旋转钻头的直接空气旋转钻井或具有欠铰能力的潜孔锤钻，以及钻穿套管驱动器。 注1: 直接空气旋转钻井使用加压空气循环钻屑。在某些情况下，可以向气流中注入水或泡沫添加剂或两者，以改善岩屑- 提升能力和岩屑返回。如果没有仔细维护和监测钻井压力和技术，在高压下使用空气可能会导致地层材料破裂或钻孔受到严重侵蚀。如果钻孔损坏变得明显，则应考虑其他钻井方法。 4.1.1 套管推进方法允许在钻井过程中安装地下水质监测装置并在深度处收集水质样本。 4.1.2 套管推进钻井方法的其他优点包括:无需将钻井液引入地下即可进行钻井；为取样目的维护井眼稳定性，并在硬化不良至未固结材料中监测油井安装/施工。 4.1.3 用于地质环境勘探和监测设备安装的套管推进钻井的用户应了解可用作循环介质的压缩空气的物理（温度和空气颗粒）和化学（压缩机润滑剂和流体添加剂）质量。 4.2 套管推进钻井在地质环境勘探中的应用可能涉及土壤或岩石采样，或现场土壤、岩石或孔隙流体测试。用户可在同一钻孔内安装监测装置，在该钻孔内进行采样、现场或孔隙流体测试或取芯。 4.3 本指南中涉及的地下水质监测装置通常包括屏蔽或多孔进水装置和立管，立管通常安装有过滤器组，以延长进水装置的使用寿命，并配有隔离密封件和低- 渗透性回填，以阻止流体在钻孔穿透的水文地质单元之间移动或地表水渗透（见实践 D5092 ). 测压计主要是用于测量地下水头的装置，只有在考虑装置的整体质量和完整性，包括接触采样水或气体的材料质量后，才应将测压计转换为水质监测装置。水质监测装置和压力计应具有足够的套管密封、环形隔离密封和回填土，以阻止水文地质单元之间的污染物传播。 注2: 本标准产生的结果的质量取决于执行该标准的人员的能力，以及所用设备和设施的适用性。符合实践标准的机构 D3740 通常认为能够胜任和客观的测试/采样/评估/等。本标准的用户应注意遵守惯例 D3740 本身并不能保证可靠的结果。可靠的结果取决于许多因素； 实践 D3740 提供了一种评估其中一些因素的方法。

1.1 This guide covers how casing advancement drilling and sampling procedures may be used for geoenvironmental exploration and installation of subsurface water quality monitoring devices. 1.2 Different methods exist to advance casing for geoenvironmental exploration. Selection of a particular method should be made on the basis of geologic conditions at the site. This guide does not include procedures for wireline rotary casing advancer systems which are addressed in Guide D5786 . 1.3 Casing advancement drilling methods for geoenvironmental exploration and monitoring-device installations will often involve safety planning, administration, and documentation. This guide does not purport to specifically address exploration and site safety. 1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.6 This guide offers an organized collection of information or a series of options and does not recommend a specific course of action. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project's many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process. 1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 4.1 Casing advancement may be used in support of geoenvironmental exploration and for installation of subsurface water-quality monitoring devices in both unconsolidated and consolidated sediment. Casing advancement systems and procedures used for geoenvironmental exploration and instrumentation installations consist of direct air-rotary drilling utilizing conventional rotary bits or a down-the-hole hammer drill with under reaming capability, in combination with a drill through casing driver. Note 1: Direct air-rotary drilling uses pressured air for circulation of drill cuttings. In some instances, water or foam additives, or both, may be injected into the air stream to improve cuttings-lifting capacity and cuttings return. The use of air under high pressures may cause fracturing of the formation materials or extreme erosion of the borehole, if drilling pressures and techniques are not carefully maintained and monitored. If borehole damage becomes apparent, consideration to other drilling method(s) should be given. 4.1.1 Casing advancement methods allow for installation of subsurface water quality monitoring devices and collection of water quality samples at depth(s) during drilling. 4.1.2 Other advantages of casing advancement drilling methods include: the capability of drilling without the introduction of drilling fluid(s) to the subsurface; maintenance of hole stability for sampling purposes and monitor-well installation/construction in poorly-indurated to unconsolidated materials. 4.1.3 The user of casing advancement drilling for geoenvironmental exploration and monitoring device installations should be cognizant of both the physical (temperature and airborne particles) and chemical (compressor lubricants and fluid additives) qualities of compressed air that may be used as the circulating medium. 4.2 The application of casing advancement drilling to geoenvironmental exploration may involve soil or rock sampling, or in situ soil, rock, or pore-fluid testing. The user may install a monitoring device within the same borehole wherein sampling, in situ or pore-fluid testing, or coring was performed. 4.3 The subsurface water quality monitoring devices that are addressed in this guide consist generally of a screened or porous intake device and riser pipe(s) that are usually installed with a filter pack to enhance the longevity of the intake unit, and with isolation seals and low-permeability backfill to deter the movement of fluids or infiltration of surface water between hydrogeologic units penetrated by the borehole (see Practice D5092 ). A piezometer is primarily a device used for measuring subsurface hydraulic heads, the conversion of a piezometer to a water quality monitoring device should be made only after consideration of the overall quality and integrity of the installation to include the quality of materials that will contact sampled water or gas. Both water quality monitoring devices and piezometers should have adequate casing seals, annular isolation seals, and backfills to deter communication of contaminants between hydrogeologic units. Note 2: The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/evaluation/and the like. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.