1.1 本规程涵盖紧急医疗调度员（EMD）的职能。此功能用于快速准确地处理紧急医疗援助呼叫。通过使用书面或自动医疗派遣协议进行的培训和实践本身不足以确保EMD在医疗上的持续正确运行。他们针对派遣的医疗培训和在EMS中的核心作用已经发展到如此复杂的程度，只有通过一个结构正确、管理得当的质量保证环境，才能充分实现其实践的好处。 紧急医疗派遣的理念确立了紧急医疗派遣机构必须履行的新职责。重要的是，他们的质量保证/质量改进（QA/QI）活动，包括初始招聘、入职培训和认证、继续派遣教育、重新认证和绩效评估，应给予适当的管理关注，以帮助确保EMD绩效的持续安全。该实践为这些管理、行政和监督职能制定了功能指南。 1.2 本规程的范围包括: 1.2.1 聘用紧急医疗调度员的入门级选择标准； 1.2.2 新紧急医疗调度员的定位； 1.2.3 制定QA/QI机制、管理策略和组织结构，以便在综合紧急医疗调度系统中使用； 1.2.4 绩效评估是紧急医疗派遣系统全面持续的质量保证和风险管理计划的组成部分； 1.2.5 为紧急医疗调度员制定和提供继续派遣教育活动； 1.2.6 应急医疗调度员的初始认证和再认证要求； 1.2.7 在实施紧急医疗派遣计划之前，为EMS社区提供符合既定EMD实践标准的不同EMD计划方法之间的比较分析；和 1.2.8 实施紧急医疗派遣计划的指南。 1.3 本标准并不旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。本标准的使用者有责任在使用前制定适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 1.4 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒（TBT）委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认标准化原则制定的。 =====意义和用途====== 5.1 紧急医疗调度员应是经过专门培训的远程通信员，具有特定的紧急医疗知识。这些人员中的许多人仍然担任这一角色，但没有派遣特定的医疗培训和医疗健全的协议。 大多数人在没有通过结构化质量保证/改进环境提供适当医疗管理的情况下履行其职责。培训仅为正确使用EMDPRS准备新的EMD。它不能确保EMDPRS按预期使用。由于EMD被明确定义为院前医疗专业人员，因此有必要通过EMD机构与医生医疗主管共同管理的多成分QA/QI计划建立健全的医疗管理流程。 通过使用标准化的质量保证方法，特别是EMD绩效评估的组成部分，可以加强及时、正确和适当的患者护理。本规程适用于负责通过正确管理国家紧急医疗调度员向公众提供此类服务和保证的机构、组织和司法管辖区。

1.1 This practice covers the function of the emergency medical dispatcher (EMD). This function is the prompt and accurate processing of calls for emergency medical assistance. The training and practice through the use of a written or automated medical dispatch protocol is not sufficient in itself to ensure continued medically correct functioning of the EMD. Their dispatch-specific medical training and focal role in EMS has developed to such a complexity that only through a correctly structured and appropriately managed quality assurance environment can the benefits of their practice be fully realized. The philosophies of emergency medical dispatch have established new duties to which the emergency medical dispatch agency must respond. It is important that their quality assurance/quality improvement (QA/QI) activities, including initial hiring, orientation, training and certification, continuing dispatch education, recertification, and performance evaluation be given appropriate managerial attention to help ensure the ongoing safety in the performance of the EMD. This practice establishes functional guidelines for these managerial, administrative, and supervisory functions. 1.2 The scope of this practice includes: 1.2.1 The entry level selection criteria for hiring emergency medical dispatchers; 1.2.2 The orientation of new emergency medical dispatchers; 1.2.3 Development of QA/QI mechanisms, management strategies, and organizational structures for use within a comprehensive emergency medical dispatch system; 1.2.4 Performance evaluation as a component of a comprehensive and ongoing quality assurance and risk management program for an emergency medical dispatch system; 1.2.5 Development and provision of continuing dispatch education activities for the emergency medical dispatcher; 1.2.6 Requirements for initial certification and recertification of the emergency medical dispatcher; 1.2.7 Provision for comparative analysis between different EMD program approaches available to the EMS community that conform to established EMD practice standards prior to implementation of an emergency medical dispatch program; and 1.2.8 Guidelines for implementation of an emergency medical dispatch program. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 5.1 The emergency medical dispatcher should be a specially trained telecommunicator with specific emergency medical knowledge. Many of these personnel still perform in this role without the benefits of dispatch specific medical training and medically sound protocols. The majority perform their duties without appropriate medical management provided through a structured quality assurance/improvement environment. Training only prepares a new EMD for correct use of the EMDPRS. It cannot ensure that the EMDPRS is used as intended. Since the EMD is clearly defined as a prehospital medical professional, it is necessary to establish sound medical management processes through a multi-component QA/QI program administered by the EMD's agency in conjunction with the physician medical director. Prompt, correct, and appropriate patient care can be enhanced through the use of a standardized approach to quality assurance, especially the component of EMD performance assessment. This practice is intended for use by agencies, organizations, and jurisdictions having the responsibility for providing such services and assurances to the public through the correct management of the nation's emergency medical dispatchers.