新供水的开发商经常面临这样一个论点，即允许他们 项目应该被拒绝，因为向许可机构提供建议的科学家们不能说 确保项目不会损害重要的环境资源。本文讨论 弗吉尼亚州纽波特纽斯市是如何解决这一问题的 弗吉尼亚州海洋资源委员会为其提议的国王申请许可证 威廉水库项目。委员会最初拒绝了该市的许可申请 因为该项目的科学顾问不确定该项目的河流提取是否会 对美洲鲱鱼的产卵产生了不利影响，但该市能够说服委员会 尽管存在这种不确定性，该资源仍将受到保护。本文描述了 该市为此目的使用的技术包括:组建渔业专家小组 生物学家评估渔业资源的风险并提出建议，包括 建议在产卵季节由水触发泵吸间歇 温度；将进气滤网的设计提高到高于联邦或联邦法规要求的标准 国家机构；进行录像实验，以证明屏幕的有效性 保护鲱鱼卵和幼虫；解释并量化 该项目的各个方面，包括泵送间隙和筛网，使用“多层 “保护”分析；以及提供许可证后监控和许可证重新开放条款。包括数字。

Developers of new water supplies frequently face the argument that permits for their projects should be denied because scientists advising the permitting agencies cannot say with certainty that the projects will not harm important environmental resources. This paper discusses how the City of Newport News, Virginia addressed that problem in connection with its application for a permit from the Virginia Marine Resources Commission for its proposed King William Reservoir project. The Commission initially denied the City's permit application because its scientific advisors were uncertain whether the project's river withdrawals would adversely impact American shad spawning, but the City was able to convince the Commission that the resource would be protected notwithstanding that uncertainty. This paper describes the techniques used by the City for that purpose which include: the assembly of a panel of expert fisheries biologists to assess the risks to fisheries resources and to make recommendations, including a recommendation for a pumping hiatus during spawning season to be triggered by water temperatures; improving intake screen design to a standard higher than required by federal or state agencies; conducting videotaped experiments to demonstrate the efficacy of the screens in protecting shad eggs and larvae; explaining and quantifying the cumulative protection offered by various aspects of the project, including the pumping hiatus and the screens, using a "layers of protection" analysis; and, offering post-permit monitoring and a permit reopener provision. Includes figures.