随着水和废水公用事业面临污染和服务中断的威胁 恐怖主义和破坏行为，他们不仅要进行脆弱性评估，而且要进行更多的评估，这一点至关重要 重要的是，他们有一个应急行动计划。事实上，公共卫生安全和 《生物恐怖主义应对法案》（HR 3448）要求社区制定和/或更新其 应急行动计划（EOP），以便该计划包含其脆弱性的结果 评估。在当今世界，人们越来越清楚地认识到，不再存在是否 自然灾害、意外灾害和故意灾害都会发生，但问题是何时发生。 不幸的是，全国县协会发布的一项调查显示，只有22% 在人口不足1万的县中，大多数县都有特定的EOP来应对恐怖活动。 资源有限的小社区应大力考虑实施互助 与更大的邻近社区达成协议。通过这样做，他们可以帮助预防，或者至少是预防 最大限度地减少灾害事件，并在此过程中更好地保护公众健康和安全。 本文重点介绍如何使用水分布建模工具来应对污染 在分配系统中。包括数字。

As water and wastewater utilities face the threat of contamination and disruption of service from terrorism and vandalism, it is critical that they not only conduct vulnerability assessments, but more importantly that they have an emergency operations plan. Indeed, the Public Health Security and Bioterrorism Response Act (HR 3448) requires that communities develop and/or update their emergency operations plan (EOP) so that the plan incorporates the results of their vulnerability assessments. In today's world, it is becoming clear that there is no longer a question of whether natural, accidental, and intentional disasters will occur, but instead a question of when they will occur. Unfortunately, a survey released by the National Association of Counties showed that only 22 percent of counties with a population of less than 10,000 had specific EOPs to deal with terrorist activities. Smaller communities with limited resources should strongly consider implementing mutual aid agreements with larger, neighboring communities. By doing so, they can help prevent, or at least minimize, disaster events and in the process, better protect the public health and safety. This paper highlights how a water distribution modeling tool can be used to respond to contamination in the distribution system. Includes figures.