1.1 本规程涵盖压缩试验，在压缩试验中，将试样加热至恒定且均匀的温度，并保持在一定温度，同时以受控应变率施加轴向力。 1.2 在比例极限极高或弹性模量较低的金属中，1.5 % 载荷下的总应变可以在0.2%之前达到 %-达到偏移屈服强度。在这种情况下，可将试验终点报告为0.2%的偏移屈服强度，除非在该点之前发生断裂。 1.3 对于可接受的压缩试验，在达到终点之前，试样不得弯曲。因此，设备和程序的设计应保持均匀载荷和轴向对准。 1.4 建议采用首选测试条件，以便进行测试的不同来源的数据具有可比性。 1.5 以英寸-磅为单位的数值应视为标准值。 括号中给出的值是到国际单位制的数学转换，仅供参考，不被视为标准值。 1.6 本标准并非旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。本标准的用户有责任在使用前制定适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 1.7 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒（TBT）委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认标准化原则制定的。 ====意义和用途====== 4.1 重要性- 从压缩试验中获得的数据可能包括屈服强度、屈服点、杨氏模量和应力- 应变曲线和抗压强度（见术语 E6 ). 对于未因破裂而压缩失败的材料，抗压强度是一个取决于总应变和试样几何形状的值。 4.2 使用- 压缩特性在承受压缩或弯曲载荷或两者兼有的结构分析中，以及在涉及较大压缩变形（如锻造和轧制）的金属加工和制造过程分析中都很重要。对于在低于屈服强度的应力下拉伸断裂的脆性或非韧性金属，压缩试验提供了扩展应力-应变数据应变范围的可能性。虽然压缩试验不像某些金属材料的拉伸试验那样因颈缩而复杂，但屈曲和桶装会使结果复杂化，应尽量减少

1.1 This practice covers compression test in which the specimen is heated to a constant and uniform temperature and held at temperature while an axial force is applied at a controlled rate of strain. 1.2 In metals with extremely high proportional limit or low modulus of elasticity, 1.5 % total strain under load could be reached before the 0.2 %-offset yield strength is reached. In this event the end point of the test may be reported as the 0.2 percent-offset yield strength unless rupture occurs before that point. 1.3 For acceptable compression tests it is imperative that the specimens not buckle before the end point is reached. For this reason the equipment and procedures shall be designed to maintain uniform loading and axial alignment. 1.4 Preferred conditions of testing are recommended so that data from different sources conducting the tests will be comparable. 1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 4.1 Significance— The data obtained from a compression test may include the yield strength, the yield point, Young’s modulus, the stress-strain curve, and the compressive strength (see Terminology E6 ). In the case of a material that does not fail in compression by a shattering fracture, compressive strength is a value that is dependent on total strain and specimen geometry. 4.2 Use— Compressive properties are of interest in the analyses of structures subject to compressive or bending loads or both and in the analyses of metal working and fabrication processes that involve large compressive deformation such as forging and rolling. For brittle or nonductile metals that fracture in tension at stresses below the yield strength, compression tests offer the possibility of extending the strain range of the stress-strain data. While the compression test is not complicated by necking as is the tension test for certain metallic materials, buckling and barreling can complicate results and should be minimized