1.1 这些测试方法通常被称为快速负载测试，涵盖了测试单个垂直或倾斜深基础构件的程序，以确定对施加在其顶部的轴向压缩力脉冲的位移响应。这些非静态基础测试方法适用于所有深层基础单元，本文中称为“桩”，其功能类似于打入桩或灌注桩，无论其安装方法如何。 1.2 提供了两种替代程序: 1.2.1 程序A使用燃气压力装置产生所需的轴向压缩力脉冲。 1.2.2 程序B使用缓冲液滴质量仪来产生所需的轴向压缩力脉冲。 1.3 本标准规定了在轴向压缩力脉冲下测试深基础的最低要求。 由合格工程师编制的计划、规范、规定（或其组合）可根据需要提供额外的要求和程序，以满足特定深基础测试计划的目标。负责基础设计的工程师（以下简称“工程师”）应批准对本标准要求的任何偏差、删除或添加。 1.4 正确进行和评估测试需要特殊的知识和经验。合格的工程师应直接监督现场数据的采集和测试结果的解释，以预测建造基础中使用的深基础的实际性能和充分性。合格工程师应批准用于施加力脉冲的装置、索具和起重设备、支架、模板和测试程序。 1.5 本标准的文本引用了提供解释材料的注释和脚注。这些注释和脚注（不包括表和图中的注释和脚注）不应视为本标准的要求。“应”一词表示强制性规定，“应”一词表示建议或咨询性规定。祈使句表示强制性规定。 1.6 以国际单位制表示的数值应视为标准值。本标准不包括其他计量单位。 1.7 所有观察值和计算值应符合实践中确定的有效数字和舍入准则 D6026 . 1.7.1 用于指定如何在标准中收集/记录或计算数据的程序被视为行业标准。 此外，它们代表了通常应保留的有效数字。使用的程序不考虑材料变化、获取数据的目的、特殊目的研究或用户目标的任何考虑因素；通常的做法是增加或减少报告数据的有效位数，以与这些考虑因素相称。考虑工程数据分析方法中使用的有效数字超出了本标准的范围 1.8 本标准中用于规定如何收集、计算或记录数据的方法与数据在设计或其他用途中的应用精度或两者都不直接相关。如何使用使用本标准获得的结果超出了其范围。 1.9 ASTM国际对与本标准提及的任何项目有关的任何专利权的有效性不持任何立场。明确建议本标准的用户，确定任何此类专利权的有效性以及侵犯此类权利的风险完全由其自行负责。 1.10 本标准并非旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。本标准的用户有责任在使用前制定适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 部分 7. 提供特定危险和预防措施的部分列表。 1.11 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒（TBT）委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认标准化原则制定的。 ====意义和用途====== 4.1 这些测试方法基于桩顶的力和位移测量，可能与位于桩下方的加速计或应变传感器的测量相结合，测量响应于轴向压缩力脉冲的桩顶挠度。与测试桩的自然周期相比，力脉冲的持续时间相对较长，导致桩在一部分脉冲期间近似作为一个单元压缩和平移，同时在该部分测试中沿桩长度的所有点处产生压缩轴向静阻力和动态阻力。 4.2 轴向抗压静阻力来自试验数据，因此是间接结果。 试验方法 D1143/D1143M 提供了一个直接的，因此更可靠的静态电阻测量。 4.3 工程师应确保规定的试验将产生所需的峰值力，以满足试验目的。如果目的是确定岩土破坏，工程师还应确保峰值力在轴向力脉冲事件期间导致显著的永久轴向移动。 4.4 工程师可以使用工程原理和判断分析获得的数据，以评估力脉冲装置的性能，以及桩对力脉冲荷载的响应特性。该分析通常包括一个折减系数，以说明加载速率效应，即由于加载速率快于静态试验期间使用的加载速率而产生的额外负载阻力。 安装在粘性土壤中的桩的测试结果通常需要更大的减少。工程师应确定桩的类型、尺寸和形状，以及桩下方和附近土壤或岩石的特性如何影响荷载折减系数的速率和所需的移动量，以通过消除响应的动态分量来移动和准确评估静态阻力。 4.5 本标准的范围不包括地基承载力分析，但为了适当分析测试数据，重要的是适当记录影响衍生轴向静态承载力因素的信息。这些因素可能包括但不限于:( 1. )桩安装设备和程序( 2. )自初始安装以来经过的时间( 3. )桩材料特性和尺寸( 4. )桩附近和下方土壤或岩石的类型、密度、强度、分层和饱和度( 5. )力脉冲测试数据的质量，以及( 6. )最终基础沉降。 4.6 当使用嵌入桩中的附加应变传感器时，推导结果的准确性可能会提高。当与适当的分析方法相结合时，工程师可以使用这些可选传感器的数据来估计侧剪力和端承对桩的移动轴向静态抗压阻力的相对贡献，或推断某些土层对桩的整体移动轴向抗压阻力的相对贡献。 注1: 这些测试方法产生的结果的质量取决于执行测试的人员的能力，以及所用设备和设施的适用性。符合实践标准的机构 D3740 通常认为能够进行合格和客观的测试和检查。这些试验方法的使用者应注意遵守规程 D3740 本身并不能保证可靠的结果。可靠的结果取决于许多因素；实践 D3740 提供了一种评估其中一些因素的方法。

1.1 These test methods, commonly referred to as Rapid Load Testing, cover procedures for testing an individual vertical or inclined deep foundation element to determine the displacement response to an axial compressive force pulse applied at its top. These non-static foundation test methods apply to all deep foundation units, referred to herein as “piles,” that function in a manner similar to driven or cast-in-place piles, regardless of their method of installation. 1.2 Two alternative procedures are provided: 1.2.1 Procedure A uses a combustion gas pressure apparatus to produce the required axial compressive force pulse. 1.2.2 Procedure B uses a cushioned drop mass apparatus to produce the required axial compressive force pulse. 1.3 This standard provides minimum requirements for testing deep foundations under an axial compressive force pulse. Plans, specifications, provisions (or combinations thereof) prepared by a qualified engineer, may provide additional requirements and procedures as needed to satisfy the objectives of a particular deep foundation test program. The engineer in responsible charge of the foundation design, referred to herein as the “Engineer,” shall approve any deviations, deletions, or additions to the requirements of this standard. 1.4 The proper conduct and evaluation of the test requires special knowledge and experience. A qualified engineer should directly supervise the acquisition of field data and the interpretation of the test results so as to predict the actual performance and adequacy of deep foundations used in the constructed foundation. A qualified engineer shall approve the apparatus used for applying the force pulse, rigging and hoisting equipment, support frames, templates, and test procedures. 1.5 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard. The word “shall” indicates a mandatory provision, and the word “should” indicates a recommended or advisory provision. Imperative sentences indicate mandatory provisions. 1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.7 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026 . 1.7.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded or calculated in the standard are regarded as the industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that generally should be retained. The procedures used do not consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the user’s objectives; and it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be commensurate with these considerations. It is beyond the scope of this standard to consider significant digits used in analysis methods for engineering data 1.8 The method used to specify how data are collected, calculated or recorded in this standard is not directly related to the accuracy to which the data can be applied in the design or other uses, or both. How one uses the results obtained using this standard is beyond its scope. 1.9 ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentioned in this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility. 1.10 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Section 7 provides a partial list of specific hazards and precautions. 1.11 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 4.1 Based on the measurements of force and displacement at the pile top, possibly combined with those from accelerometers or strain transducers located further down the pile, these test methods measure the pile top deflection in response to an axial compressive force pulse. The relatively long duration of the force pulse compared to the natural period of the test pile causes the pile to compress and translate approximately as a unit during a portion of the pulse, simultaneously mobilizing compressive axial static resistance and dynamic resistance at all points along the length of the pile for that portion of the test. 4.2 The compressive axial static resistance is derived from the test data and is therefore an indirect result. Test Method D1143/D1143M provides a direct and therefore more reliable measurement of static resistance. 4.3 The Engineer should ensure that the test as specified will generate the required peak force to meet the purpose of the test. In case that purpose is to establish geotechnical failure, the Engineer should also ensure that peak force results in significant permanent axial movement during the axial force pulse event. 4.4 The Engineer may analyze the acquired data using engineering principles and judgment to evaluate the performance of the force pulse apparatus, and the characteristics of the pile's response to the force pulse loading. This analysis typically includes a reduction factor to account for the loading rate effect, that is, additional load resistance that occurs as a result of a faster rate of loading than used during a static test. Test results from piles installed in cohesive soils generally require a greater reduction. The Engineer should determine how the type, size, and shape of the pile, and the properties of the soil or rock beneath and adjacent to the pile, affect the rate-of-loading reduction factors and the amount of movement required to mobilize and accurately assess the static resistance by eliminating the dynamic component of the response. 4.5 The scope of this standard does not include analysis for foundation capacity, but in order to analyze the test data appropriately it is important that information on factors that affect the derived axial static capacity is properly documented. These factors may include, but are not limited to, the: ( 1 ) pile installation equipment and procedures, ( 2 ) elapsed time since initial installation, ( 3 ) pile material properties and dimensions, ( 4 ) type, density, strength, stratification, and saturation of the soil, or rock, or both adjacent to and beneath the pile, ( 5 ) quality of force pulse test data, and ( 6 ) final foundation settlement. 4.6 The accuracy of the derived results may improve when using additional strain transducers embedded in the pile. When combined with an appropriate method of analysis, the Engineer may use data from these optional transducers to estimate the relative contribution of side shear and end bearing to the mobilized axial static compressive resistance of the pile, or to infer the relative contribution of certain soil layers to the overall mobilized axial compressive resistance of the pile. Note 1: The quality of the result produced by these test methods is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing and inspection. Users of these test methods are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.