1.1 本试验方法包括使用实验室间歇蒸馏装置对石油产品和液体燃料进行常压蒸馏，以定量测定轻质和中质馏分、含或不含含氧化合物的汽车火花点火发动机燃料等产品的沸程特性（见 附注1 ）、航空汽油、航空涡轮燃料、柴油燃料、体积高达30%的生物柴油混合物、船用燃料、特种石油酒精、石脑油、白酒、煤油以及1级和2级燃烧器燃料。 附注1: 2008年进行了一项实验室间研究，涉及11个不同的实验室，提交了15个数据集和15个不同的乙醇-燃料混合物样品，这些混合物含有25%体积、50%体积和75%体积的乙醇。结果表明，这些样品的重复性限度相当或在公布的方法重复性范围内（75%乙醇的FBP除外-燃料混合物）。在此基础上，可以得出试验方法 D86 适用于乙醇燃料混合物，如Ed75和Ed85（规格 D5798 )或具有大于10%体积乙醇的其它乙醇-燃料混合物。支持数据参见ASTM RR:D02-1694。 2 1.2 该测试方法是为馏分燃料的分析而设计的；它不适用于含有大量残留材料的产品。 1.3 该测试方法涵盖手动和自动仪器。 1.4 除非另有说明，否则以SI单位表示的值应被视为标准。括号中给出的值仅供参考。 1.5 警告 -汞已被许多监管机构指定为可能导致严重医疗问题的有害物质。汞或其蒸气已被证明对健康有害并对材料具有腐蚀性。处理汞和含汞产品时要小心。有关更多信息，请参见适用的产品安全数据表（SDS）。地方或国家法律可能禁止销售汞或含汞产品或两者兼而有之。用户必须确定其所在地销售的合法性。 1.6 本标准并不旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全性问题（如果有）。本标准的使用者有责任在使用前建立适当的安全、健康和环境实践并确定法规限制的适用性。 1.7 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒（TBT）委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认的标准化原则制定的。======意义和用途====== 5.1 自从石油工业存在以来，通过进行简单的间歇蒸馏来确定石油产品的沸程的基本测试方法就一直在使用。它是ASTM委员会D02管辖下最古老的测试方法之一，可以追溯到它仍然被称为恩格勒蒸馏的时候。由于该测试方法已经使用了如此长的时间，因此存在大量用于估计产品和工艺的最终用途敏感性的历史数据库。 5.2 碳氢化合物的蒸馏（挥发性）特性对其安全性和性能有重要影响，特别是在燃料和溶剂的情况下。沸程给出了关于燃料在储存和使用期间的组成、性质和行为的信息。挥发性是烃混合物产生潜在爆炸性蒸汽的趋势的主要决定因素。 5.3 蒸馏特性对于汽车和航空汽油都是至关重要的，影响启动、预热以及在高工作温度或高海拔或两者下的汽锁趋势。这些和其它燃料中高沸点组分的存在可显著影响固体燃烧沉积物的形成程度。 5.4 挥发性，因为它影响蒸发速率，是许多溶剂应用中的重要因素，特别是那些用于油漆中的溶剂。 5.5 蒸馏限值通常包含在石油产品规格、商业合同协议、工艺精炼/控制应用中，以及用于符合监管规则。

1.1 This test method covers the atmospheric distillation of petroleum products and liquid fuels using a laboratory batch distillation unit to determine quantitatively the boiling range characteristics of such products as light and middle distillates, automotive spark-ignition engine fuels with or without oxygenates (see Note 1 ), aviation gasolines, aviation turbine fuels, diesel fuels, biodiesel blends up to 30 % volume, marine fuels, special petroleum spirits, naphthas, white spirits, kerosines, and Grades 1 and 2 burner fuels. Note 1: An interlaboratory study was conducted in 2008 involving 11 different laboratories submitting 15 data sets and 15 different samples of ethanol-fuel blends containing 25 % volume, 50 % volume, and 75 % volume ethanol. The results indicate that the repeatability limits of these samples are comparable or within the published repeatability of the method (with the exception of FBP of 75 % ethanol-fuel blends). On this basis, it can be concluded that Test Method D86 is applicable to ethanol-fuel blends such as Ed75 and Ed85 (Specification D5798 ) or other ethanol-fuel blends with greater than 10 % volume ethanol. See ASTM RR:D02-1694 for supporting data. 2 1.2 The test method is designed for the analysis of distillate fuels; it is not applicable to products containing appreciable quantities of residual material. 1.3 This test method covers both manual and automated instruments. 1.4 Unless otherwise noted, the values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information only. 1.5 WARNING —Mercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous substance that can cause serious medical issues. Mercury, or its vapor, has been demonstrated to be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Use Caution when handling mercury and mercury-containing products. See the applicable product Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for additional information. The potential exists that selling mercury or mercury-containing products, or both, is prohibited by local or national law. Users must determine legality of sales in their location. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 5.1 The basic test method of determining the boiling range of a petroleum product by performing a simple batch distillation has been in use as long as the petroleum industry has existed. It is one of the oldest test methods under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02, dating from the time when it was still referred to as the Engler distillation. Since the test method has been in use for such an extended period, a tremendous number of historical data bases exist for estimating end-use sensitivity on products and processes. 5.2 The distillation (volatility) characteristics of hydrocarbons have an important effect on their safety and performance, especially in the case of fuels and solvents. The boiling range gives information on the composition, the properties, and the behavior of the fuel during storage and use. Volatility is the major determinant of the tendency of a hydrocarbon mixture to produce potentially explosive vapors. 5.3 The distillation characteristics are critically important for both automotive and aviation gasolines, affecting starting, warm-up, and tendency to vapor lock at high operating temperature or at high altitude, or both. The presence of high boiling point components in these and other fuels can significantly affect the degree of formation of solid combustion deposits. 5.4 Volatility, as it affects rate of evaporation, is an important factor in the application of many solvents, particularly those used in paints. 5.5 Distillation limits are often included in petroleum product specifications, in commercial contract agreements, process refinery/control applications, and for compliance to regulatory rules.