粪便污染的非点源是对水的严重危害 对水生生态系统和人类健康构成风险。过去四年 几十年来，养猪业已成为全世界日益关注的环境问题， 由于产量的增加和农业经营的集中。尽管人们试图减少粪便进入水生环境，但问题仍然存在 持续存在，部分原因是无法定期确定粪便来源 污染本研究评估了可用的猪特异性检测的特异性、分布和敏感性 针对类杆菌16S rRNA基因和产甲烷菌mcrA基因。化验 对88份猪粪便样本（OH、DE、TX和 98个非目标哺乳动物粪便样本（NE、WV、TX）和47个地下水和粪便样本 地表水样本（IL）。 该研究还调查了1200个物种的系统发育多样性 类杆菌16S rRNA基因序列来源于猪粪便、泻湖、粪池、， 以及邻近养猪场的水域。PCR检测结果显示，95.5%和87.5%的基因表达阳性 猪粪便DNA提取物对普通类和猪特异性类杆菌呈阳性 分别进行检测。然而，猪特异性类杆菌PCR检测也呈阳性 针对马（4）和马（12）的DNA问题 宿主特异性。在不到三分之一的猪中检测到mcrA基因标记 粪便样本，表明与类杆菌相比检测限较低 化验只有17%的水样检测出了猪特有的类杆菌 PCR结果呈阳性。对猪粪便克隆的系统发育分析显示，约40%的序列由以前鉴定的类杆菌共享 来自哺乳动物而非猪的克隆。相比之下，23个猪粪便克隆 与Prevotella种群相关的基因显示出猪特有的分布。而类细菌 种群可能是猪粪便来源追踪、进一步测序的有希望的目标 需要对环境克隆进行分析，以便更好地区分猪粪便特异性 来自其他潜在粪便污染源的受污染流域的人口。仅包含摘要。

Nonpoint sources of fecal contamination are a significant detriment to water quality and impose risks to aquatic ecosystems and human health. Over the past four decades, the swine industry has become an increasing environmental concern worldwide, due to augmented production and concentration of farming operations. Despite attempts to reduce fecal loading into aquatic environments, the problem endures, in part as a result of the inability to routinely identify the origin of fecal pollution. This study evaluated the specificity, distribution, and sensitivity of available pig-specific assays targeting the Bacteroidales 16S rRNA gene and the methanogen mcrA gene. The assays were tested against DNA extracts derived from 88 pig fecal samples (OH, DE, TX, and WV), 98 non-target mammalian fecal samples (NE, WV, TX), and 47 groundwater and surface water samples (IL). The study also investigated the phylogenetic diversity of 1200 Bacteroidales 16S rRNA gene sequences derived from swine feces, lagoons, manure pits, and waters adjacent to swine operations. PCR results indicated that 95.5% and 87.5% of swine fecal DNA extracts were positive with the general and pig-specific Bacteroidales assay, respectively. However, the pig-specific Bacteroidales PCR assay was also positive for sheep (i.e. 2 of 8) and horse (i.e. 4 of 12) fecal DNA, suggesting potential issues with host-specificity. The mcrA gene marker was detected in less than one-third of all swine fecal samples, indicating lower detection limits when compared to the Bacteroidales assay. Only 17% of the water samples tested with the pig-specific Bacteroidales yielded positive PCR results. Phylogenetic analysis of swine fecal clones revealed that approximately 40% of the sequences were shared by previously identified Bacteroidales clones derived from mammals other than swine. In contrast, 23 pig fecal clones closely related to Prevotella populations showed pig-specific distributions. While Bacteroidales populations may be promising targets for swine fecal source tracking, further sequencing analysis of environmental clones is needed to better discriminate pig-fecal specific populations in contaminated watersheds from other potential fecal pollution sources. Includes abstract only.