1.1 本试验方法涵盖了受导弹冲击并随后承受循环静压差的外窗、幕墙、门和冲击防护系统的性能。导弹推进装置、气压系统和试验室用于模拟风暴环境中可能代表风载碎片和压力的一些条件。本试验方法适用于整个门窗或冲击防护系统组件及其安装的设计。 本试验方法确定的性能与建筑围护结构构件在风暴期间保持不破裂的能力有关。 注1: 例外情况:外部车库门和卷帘门受ANSI/DASMA 115管辖，不在本试验方法的范围内。 1.2 指定机构应定义代表性条件（参见 10.1 ). 1.3 以国际单位制表示的数值应视为标准值。国际单位制后括号中给出的值仅供参考，不被视为标准值。 本文引用的参考文件中包含的某些值可以英寸-磅单位表示，并且必须由用户转换。 1.4 本标准并非旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。本标准的用户有责任在使用前制定适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 第节给出了具体的危险说明 7. . 1.5 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒（TBT）委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认标准化原则制定的。 ====意义和用途====== 5.1 外窗、幕墙、门和冲击防护系统的结构设计通常基于正负设计压力。基于平均重现期（通常为25至100年）的风速的设计压力与所需的结构可靠性水平有关，并适用于建筑物的类型和重要性 ( 1. ) . 6. 结构设计的充分性由其他测试方法（如测试方法）证实 E330/E330M 和 E1233/E1233M 其中讨论了作为附加安全系数的验证荷载。然而，这些试验方法没有考虑其他因素，例如风载碎片的影响，以及与严重风暴环境相关的波动压力。风暴损害调查表明，飓风中存在风载碎片，并对建筑物外壳造成了大量损坏 ( 2- 7. ) . 在易发生严重风暴的地区，门窗组件和防撞系统的实际使用性能取决于许多因素。 风暴损害调查表明，风载碎片的影响，其次是重复或循环风荷载的影响，是建筑物损坏的主要因素 ( 2- 7. ) . 5.1.1 在严重风暴期间，许多因素会影响建筑物表面的实际荷载，包括风向变化、风事件持续时间、离地高度、建筑物形状、地形、周围结构和其他因素 ( 1. ) . 门窗或冲击防护系统组件在冲击后对风荷载的抵抗力取决于产品设计、安装、荷载大小、持续时间和重复性。 5.1.2 窗户、门和幕墙是建筑围护结构构件，经常在风暴中受损。风暴期间由风载碎片造成的损坏超出了建筑围护结构构件（如窗户、门和幕墙）的故障范围。破坏围护结构会使建筑物内的物品暴露在持续的风雨的破坏性影响下 ( 1. , 4- 7. ) . 一个可能更严重的结果是内部增压。当建筑物的迎风墙破裂时，建筑物内的内部压力增加，导致其他墙壁和屋顶上的外部作用压力增加。 内部压力系数（见ASCE/SEI 7）是几个设计参数之一，可以增加高达四倍的系数。这可以将净向外作用压力增加两倍。 5.1.3 ANSI/ASCE 7-93的注释讨论了内部压力系数和在设计带有“开口”的封套时使用的增加值，如下所示: 表9中的“开口”( 建筑物的内压系数 )指大风期间可能被破坏的永久开口或其他开口。 例如，如果窗户玻璃在暴风雨中可能被导弹击碎，这被视为一个开口。但是，如果门窗及其支架的设计能够承受规定的荷载，并且玻璃由屏风或障碍物保护，则无需将其视为开口。(109) 因此，在设计带有风载碎片的风暴建筑物时，有两种选择:设计有“开口”（部分封闭的建筑物）的建筑物，以承受ANSI/ASCE 7评注中提到的更高压力- 93，或者，建筑围护结构组件的设计应确保其在受到风载碎片影响时不可能在风暴中破裂。后一种方法降低了建筑内容暴露于天气的可能性。 5.2 在本试验方法中，首先对试样进行规定的导弹冲击，然后施加规定数量的正负静压差循环 ( 8. ) . 总成必须满足指定机构制定的合格/不合格标准，这可能导致变形、偏转或玻璃破裂等损坏。 5.3 严重风暴期间产生的风载碎片变化很大，这取决于风速、离地高度、地形、周围结构和其他碎片来源 ( 4. ) . 飓风中的典型碎片包括导弹，包括但不限于屋顶砾石、屋顶瓷砖、标牌、受损结构的部分、框架木材、屋顶材料和金属板 ( 4. , 7. , 9 ) . Ref中考虑的影响住宅结构的导弹的平均冲击速度 ( 7. ) 范围从9米/秒（30帧/秒）到30米/秒（100帧/秒）。 本试验方法中使用的导弹及其相关速度范围的选择合理地代表了风暴产生的典型碎片。 5.4 为了确定设计风荷载，将平均风速转换为气压差。叠加在平均风上的是阵风，其聚集在短时间内（从几秒到几秒不等）可能以比平均风高得多的速度移动。考虑了与建筑设计、风力强度与持续时间、发生频率和其他因素有关的风压。 5.4.1 风速通常根据特定地理位置和发生概率选择，从风速图（如国家气象局编制的风速图）、适当的风荷载文件（如ASCE/SEI 7）或在特定地理区域执行的建筑规范。 5.4.2 使用选定的风速计算等效静压差 ( 1. ) . 5.5 风载碎片撞击后，循环压力对门窗组件的影响显著 ( 6- 8. , 10- 12 ) . 在风暴中代表持续风和阵风的持续时间内测试组件的强度是合适的。阵风荷载持续时间相对较短。其他测试方法，如测试方法 E330/E330M 和 E1233/E1233M ，不要模拟阵风荷载。其目的不在于测试组件在受风载碎片影响后在风暴环境中保持不破裂的充分性。 5.6 关于第节所述主题的更多信息 5. 参考文献中提供 ( 1- 12 ) .

1.1 This test method covers the performance of exterior windows, curtain walls, doors, and impact protective systems impacted by missile(s) and subsequently subjected to cyclic static pressure differentials. A missile propulsion device, an air pressure system, and a test chamber are used to model some conditions which may be representative of windborne debris and pressures in a windstorm environment. This test method is applicable to the design of entire fenestration or impact protection systems assemblies and their installation. The performance determined by this test method relates to the ability of elements of the building envelope to remain unbreached during a windstorm. Note 1: Exception: Exterior garage doors and rolling doors are governed by ANSI/DASMA 115 and are beyond the scope of this test method. 1.2 The specifying authority shall define the representative conditions (see 10.1 ). 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard. Certain values contained in reference documents cited herein may be stated in inch-pound units and must be converted by the user. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements are given in Section 7 . 1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 5.1 Structural design of exterior windows, curtain walls, doors, and impact protective systems is typically based on positive and negative design pressure(s). Design pressures based on wind speeds with a mean recurrence interval (usually 25 to 100 years) that relates to desired levels of structural reliability and are appropriate for the type and importance of the building ( 1 ) . 6 The adequacy of the structural design is substantiated by other test methods such as Test Methods E330/E330M and E1233/E1233M which discuss proof loads as added factors of safety. However, these test methods do not account for other factors such as impact from windborne debris followed by fluctuating pressures associated with a severe windstorm environment. As demonstrated by windstorm damage investigations, windborne debris is present in hurricanes and has caused a significant amount of damage to building envelopes ( 2- 7 ) . The actual in-service performance of fenestration assemblies and impact protective systems in areas prone to severe windstorms is dependent on many factors. Windstorm damage investigations have shown that the effects of windborne debris, followed by the effects of repeated or cyclic wind loading, were a major factor in building damage ( 2- 7 ) . 5.1.1 Many factors affect the actual loading on building surfaces during a severe windstorm, including varying wind direction, duration of the wind event, height above ground, building shape, terrain, surrounding structures, and other factors ( 1 ) . The resistance of fenestration or impact protective systems assemblies to wind loading after impact depends upon product design, installation, load magnitude, duration, and repetition. 5.1.2 Windows, doors, and curtain walls are building envelope components often subject to damage in windstorms. The damage caused by windborne debris during windstorms goes beyond failure of building envelope components such as windows, doors, and curtain walls. Breaching of the envelope exposes a building's contents to the damaging effects of continued wind and rain ( 1 , 4- 7 ) . A potentially more serious result is internal pressurization. When the windward wall of a building is breached, the internal pressure in the building increases, resulting in increased outward acting pressure on the other walls and the roof. The internal pressure coefficient (see ASCE/SEI 7), which is one of several design parameters, can increase by a factor as high as four. This can increase the net outward acting pressure by a factor as high as two. 5.1.3 The commentary to ANSI/ASCE 7-93 discusses internal pressure coefficients and the increased value to be used in designing envelopes with “openings” as follows: “Openings” in Table 9 ( Internal Pressure Coefficients for Buildings ) means permanent or other openings that are likely to be breached during high winds. For example, if window glass is likely to be broken by missiles during a windstorm, this is considered to be an opening. However, if doors and windows and their supports are designed to resist specified loads and the glass is protected by a screen or barrier, they need not be considered openings. (109) Thus, there are two options in designing buildings for windstorms with windborne debris: buildings designed with “openings” (partially enclosed buildings) to withstand the higher pressures noted in the commentary to ANSI/ASCE 7-93 and, alternatively, building envelope components designed so they are not likely to be breached in a windstorm when impacted by windborne debris. The latter approach reduces the likelihood of exposing the building contents to the weather. 5.2 In this test method, a test specimen is first subjected to specified missile impact(s) followed by the application of a specified number of cycles of positive and negative static pressure differential ( 8 ) . The assembly must satisfy the pass/fail criteria established by the specifying authority, which may allow damage such as deformation, deflection, or glass breakage. 5.3 The windborne debris generated during a severe windstorm varies greatly, depending upon windspeed, height above the ground, terrain, surrounding structures, and other sources of debris ( 4 ) . Typical debris in hurricanes consists of missiles including, but not limited to, roof gravel, roof tiles, signage, portions of damaged structures, framing lumber, roofing materials, and sheet metal ( 4 , 7 , 9 ) . Median impact velocities for missiles affecting residential structures considered in Ref ( 7 ) ranged from 9 m/s (30 fps) to 30 m/s (100 fps). The missiles and their associated velocity ranges used in this test method are selected to reasonably represent typical debris produced by windstorms. 5.4 To determine design wind loads, averaged wind speeds are translated into air pressure differences. Superimposed on the averaged winds are gusts whose aggregation, for short periods of time (ranging from fractions of seconds to a few seconds) may move at considerably higher speeds than the averaged winds. Wind pressures related to building design, wind intensity versus duration, frequency of occurrence, and other factors are considered. 5.4.1 Wind speeds are typically selected for particular geographic locations and probabilities of occurrence from wind speed maps such as those prepared by the National Weather Service, from appropriate wind load documents such as ASCE/SEI 7 or from building codes enforced in a particular geographic region. 5.4.2 Equivalent static pressure differences are calculated using the selected wind speeds ( 1 ) . 5.5 Cyclic pressure effects on fenestration assemblies after impact by windborne debris are significant ( 6- 8 , 10- 12 ) . It is appropriate to test the strength of the assembly for a time duration representative of sustained winds and gusts in a windstorm. Gust wind loads are of relatively short duration. Other test methods, such as Test Methods E330/E330M and E1233/E1233M , do not model gust loadings. They are not to be specified for the purpose of testing the adequacy of the assembly to remain unbreached in a windstorm environment following impact by windborne debris. 5.6 Further information on the subjects covered in Section 5 is available in Refs ( 1- 12 ) .