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Revising ASHRAE Climatic Data for Design and Standards, Part 2: Clear-Sky Solar Radiation Model (RP-1613) 修订ASHRAE设计和标准气候数据 第2部分:晴空太阳辐射模型(RP-1613)
本文基于ASHRAE研究项目RP-1613的研究结果。本文的第一部分(修订ASHRAE设计和标准气候数据-第1部分:概述和数据[1613-RP])总结了2013年ASHRAE手册-基础中气候设计条件表的变化。第二部分描述了晴空太阳辐射模型的变化。该模型提供了一种从世界上任何位置的一对特定位置参数计算太阳辐照度分量的简单方法,尤其用于评估建筑物中的冷负荷。该模型首次在2009年的手册中介绍,但经常显示出明显的偏差(正常直射辐照度太低,漫射辐照度太高),这可能是由于用于其推导的气溶胶数据集中的高偏差造成的。 本文解释了2013年手册中如何纠正偏差。利用652个地面站的太阳光度数据,将卫星观测得到的各种网格气溶胶数据源进行了组合和校准。进行了统计分析,以确定最合适的气溶胶光学厚度统计估计器。研究发现,由于气溶胶光学厚度在月周期内的对数正态分布,使用其中值(而非平均值)转换为更能代表平均条件的辐照度值。建立了一个简单的线性关联,将气溶胶光学厚度中值与其平均值关联起来。最后,对手册中出现的构成晴空模型的浓缩方程组的推导进行了修订,以涵盖更大的气溶胶和地表反照率条件。 晴空模型已根据来自多个研究级台站的晴空太阳辐照度数据进行了验证,包括澳大利亚达尔文;科罗拉多州戈尔登;中国香河。根据本文总结的分析,发现晴空模式与这些台站的测量值合理一致,即使在非常朦胧的条件下也是如此。引文:美国科学与技术研究院学报第119卷第2部分,科罗拉多州丹佛市。
This paper is based on findings resulting from ASHRAE Research Project RP-1613.The first part of this paper (Revising ASHRAE Climatic Data for Design and Standards - Part 1: Overview and Data [1613-RP]) provided a summary of the changes made to the tables of climatic design conditions in the 2013 ASHRAE Handbook - Fundamentals. This second part describes changes that are made to the clear-sky solar radiation model. The model provides a simple way to calculate solar irradiance components from a pair of location-specific parameters for any location in the world, and is used in particular to evaluate cooling loads in buildings. The model was first introduced in the 2009 Handbook but frequently exhibited an apparent bias (direct normal irradiance too low, diffuse irradiance too high), which presumably resulted from a high bias in the aerosol data sets used for its derivation. This paper explains how the bias was corrected for the 2013 Handbook. Various sources of gridded aerosol data, derived from satellite observations, were combined and calibrated with sun photometric data from 652 ground stations. A statistical analysis was performed to determine the most appropriate statistical estimator of aerosol optical depth to use. It was found that because of the log-normal distribution of aerosol optical depth over monthly periods, using its median (rather than its mean) translates into irradiance values that are more representative of average conditions. A simple linear correlation was established to correlate the median aerosol optical depth to its mean.Finally, the derivation of a condensed set of equations, which constitutes the clear-sky model as it appears in the Handbook, was revised to cover a larger set of aerosol and surface albedo conditions. The clear-sky model has been validated against clear-sky solar irradiance data from a number of research-class stations, including Darwin,Australia; Golden, Colorado; and Xianghe, China. Based on the analysis summarized here, the clear-sky model is found to be in reasonable agreement with measured values for these stations, even under very hazy conditions.
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