过去，大多数 仅对使用高度骨架化的大型输电干线进行瞬态分析 工程设计模型和专有瞬态计算机程序在很大程度上受到限制 专业咨询公司、研究机构和大学。除了 改进了配水系统的设计和运行，这一趋势背后的驱动力是 越来越多的人意识到，水力瞬变也会为 存在于外部环境中的病原体侵入配电系统 对公众健康造成灾难性后果。因此，短暂事件会导致健康风险，并可能导致 泄漏增加或可靠性降低。瞬变流模拟已经成为一种必不可少的方法 确保饮用水分配系统安全运行的要求。 供水系统的现代管理需要能够 准确预测配电系统内的瞬态流量和压力变化 环境本文提供了对物理现象和背景的基本理解 提供了抑制和控制瞬态条件的实用指南，以及 描述了一种高效的基于拉格朗日的模拟方案，与 用于分析大规模、全管道水的基于欧拉的传统水力瞬变方法 分销系统模型。包括24个参考文献、表格和图表。

In the past, most transient analysis was performed only on large transmission mains using highly skeletonized models for engineering design, and proprietary transient computer programs were largely limited to specialized consulting companies, research organizations, and universities. In addition to improved design and operation of water distribution systems, a driving force behind this trend is the increased awareness that hydraulic transients can also create unexpected opportunities for pathogens present in the external environment to intrude into the distribution system with disastrous consequences to public health. Thus, transient events cause health risks and can lead to increased leakage or decreased reliability. Transient flow simulation has become an essential requirement for assuring safety and the safe operation of drinking water distribution systems. Modern management of water distribution systems needs simulation models that are able to accurately predict transient flow and pressure variations within the distribution system environment. This paper provides a basic understanding of the physical phenomena and context of transient conditions, presents practical guidelines for their suppression and control, and describes a highly efficient Lagrangian-based simulation scheme that compares favorably with traditional Eulerian-based hydraulic transient methods for analyzing large-scale, all-pipe water distribution system models. Includes 24 references, table, figures.