1.1 本指南旨在提供一种标准化方法和一套基本说明，用于对联合国（UN）非散装、中型散装集装箱（IBC）和大型包装进行堆叠测试。根据美国运输部标题49《联邦法规》（CFR）和联合国危险货物运输建议（“桔皮书”），使用引导或非引导装载物。这些法规的组合或交换将被称为危险品法规（HMR）。 1.2 危险品法规要求在授权使用之前对包装设计进行性能测试。法规不包括实现这一点的标准化程序，这可能导致测试设施之间的差异。本文件旨在为正在接受联合国认证的包装进行堆叠测试提供指导并建立一套通用做法。 1.3 本指南的用户必须按照172的要求接受49 CFR的培训。 700，并应熟悉其他适用的危险品法规，例如:；国际民用航空组织（ICAO）《危险品航空安全运输技术说明》、《国际海上危险品规则》（IMDG规则）和承运人规则，如国际航空运输协会（IATA）《危险品条例》。 1.4 以国际单位制表示的数值应视为标准值。国际单位制后括号中给出的值仅供参考，不被视为标准值。 1.5 本标准并非旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。本标准的用户有责任在使用前制定适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 1.6 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒（TBT）委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认标准化原则制定的。 ====意义和用途====== 4.1 本指南旨在提供一种标准化方法和一组基本说明，用于使用引导或非引导顶部负载对非包装设计进行堆栈测试。本指南提供了在进行堆叠测试时应记录的建议最低信息，并提供了推荐设备的信息。 4.2 除袋子外的所有包装设计类型必须进行堆叠测试。进行堆叠试验的包装必须能够在规定的时间内承受规定最小质量的叠加顶部荷载，而不会发生故障，因为这些参数在法规中有定义。 该测试的目的不是确定包装的绝对顶部负载能力。 注1: 当需要量化箱子抗压强度以确定堆叠强度或用于设计目的时，使用试验方法 D642 并按照中的建议进行调节 4.5 . 4.3 正如HMR中明确规定的那样，设计鉴定测试程序旨在成为在正常运输条件下运输危险品的包装的最低性能水平。 4.4 HMR测试被设计为总包装能力评估，可以在世界各地以类似的方式进行，但在测试设施能力存在一定差异的情况下。这是测试设计和协议的一个故意特征。HMR测试的重点不是确定可量化的比较数据，以便进行分析评估。 4.5 建议执行HMR测试的设施参考相关ASTM文件中适用于任何特定包装材料的调节指南。 以下条件文件和实践 D4332 和 D685 ，是常用的。

1.1 This guide is intended to provide a standardized method and a set of basic instructions for conducting stacking tests on United Nations (UN) non-bulk, intermediate bulk container (IBC), and Large Packagings. Using guided or unguided loads in accordance with the U.S. Department of Transportation Title 49 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) and the UN Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods (“The Orange Book”). The combination or interchange of these regulations will be referred to as the Hazardous Material Regulations (HMR). 1.2 The Dangerous Goods Regulations require performance tests to be conducted on packaging designs prior to being authorized for use. The regulations do not include standardized procedures to accomplish this which can result in differences between testing facilities. The purpose of this document is to provide guidance and to establish a set of common practices for conducting stack testing on packagings undergoing UN certification. 1.3 The user of this guide must be trained in accordance with 49 CFR as required by 172.700 and should be familiar with other applicable hazardous materials regulations such as; International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) Technical Instructions for the Safe Transport of Dangerous Goods by Air, the International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code (IMDG Code), and carrier rules such as International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 4.1 This guide is intended to provide a standardized method and a set of basic instructions for performing stack testing on UN packaging designs using either guided or unguided top loads. This guide provides the suggested minimum information that should be documented when conducting stacking test and provides information for recommended equipment. 4.2 All packaging design types other than bags must be subjected to a stacking test. Packagings subject to the stacking test must be capable of withstanding a superimposed top load of a specified minimum mass for a specified period of time without failure as these parameters are defined in the regulations. The test is not intended to determine the absolute top load capability of a packaging. Note 1: When quantification of box compression strength is desired for determining stacking strength or for design purposes use Test Method D642 and conditioning as recommended in 4.5 . 4.3 Design qualification testing procedures are intended, as explicitly stated in the HMR, to be the minimum performance capability levels for packaging manufactured to transport Hazardous Materials under conditions normally incident to transportation. 4.4 The HMR tests are designed to be gross package capability evaluations that can be performed in a similar manner in all parts of the world, but under circumstances with some variance in test facility capabilities. This is an intentional feature of the test designs and protocols. The focus of HMR testing is not the determination of quantifiable, comparison data to allow for analytical evaluation. 4.5 It is recommended that facilities performing the HMR tests consult the guidance on conditioning in the relevant ASTM documents for any particular packaging material as applicable. The following conditioning documents, Practices D4332 and D685 , are commonly used.