降低夜间空间温度被认为是减少建筑热损失和化石燃料和电阻加热系统燃料消耗的有效方法。随着近年来热泵装置数量的快速增长，人们对降低热泵系统能耗和运行成本的方法越来越感兴趣。在这项研究中，混合计算机模拟被用来确定热泵系统的倒退是否会降低能耗和运营成本。模拟考虑了室内外温度对热泵容量和热泵能耗的影响，并考虑了几种辅助热元件的控制方法。 没有人试图确定热泵和辅助热的相对尺寸对夜间倒退经济性的影响，也没有人试图分析建筑施工、隔热水平或结构蓄热变化的影响。此外，本研究也未试图评估为可能施加在电力公司上的晨运负荷提供容量的成本。此外，公用事业费率结构的变化，即一天时间计量、峰值负荷定价、未来可能的需求费率等，将影响运营成本，在评估热泵倒退规划的总体影响时必须予以考虑。所有这些变量都会在不同程度上影响热泵挫折经济性。因此，在得出最终结论之前，还需要进行更多的研究。 引文:研讨会论文，佐治亚州亚特兰大，1978年

Lowering space temperature at night is recognized as an effective method of reducing building heat loss and fuel consumption of both fossil fuel-fired and electrical resistance heating systems. With the rapid growth in the number of heat pump installations in recent years, there is increasing interest in methods o~ reducing energy consumption and operating costs of heat pump systems.In this study, a hybrid computer simulation was 'used to determine whether or not setback of a heat pump system would reduce energy consumption and operating costs. The simulation considered the effects of indoor and outdoor temperatures on both heat pump capacity and heat pump energy consumption, and considered several methods for control of the auxiliary heat elements.No attempt was made to determine the effect of relative size of heat pump and auxiliary heat on night setback economics, nor was any attempt made to analyze the effects of variations in building construction, level of insulation or structure thermal storage. Also, this study has made no attempt to assess the cost of providing capacity for the morning pick ~p load which may be imposed on the electric utility. In addition, changes in utility rate structures, i.e., time of day metering, peak load pricing, possible future demand rates, etc. would influence operational costs and must be considered in assessing the overall impact of heat pump setback programming.All of these variables can effect heat pump setback economics in varying degrees. Thus, additional studies are necessary before final conclusions can be reached.