1.1 本指南说明了替代分配方法，为生命周期评估（LCA）研究中的二次物流和相关回收场景建模提供了选项。它有助于从业人员描述和理解跨行业的材料回收；提供了考虑生命周期评价中材料和产品流动造成的环境影响的可用方法；帮助评估系统的整体生命周期和理解材料；并支持生命周期管理。 1.2 本指南无意与ISO 14025、ISO 14040、ISO 14044、ISO 14067、ISO/TR 14049或ISO 21930的生命周期评价规定相抵触或规避。当生命周期评价发生冲突时，以这些ISO标准的指南为准。 1.3 包括以下七个具体材料附录: 标题 附录 铜的回收利用 附录X1 烟气脱硫（FGD）石膏的回收 附录X2 玻璃的回收利用 附录X3 塑料回收 附录X4 消费后（PC）石膏的回收 附录X5 不锈钢的回收利用 附录X6 辅助胶结材料的回收 附录X7 1.4 以国际单位表示的数值视为标准值。SI单位后括号中给出的值仅供参考，不视为标准值。 1.5 本标准并不旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。本标准的使用者有责任在使用前制定适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 1.6 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒（TBT）委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认标准化原则制定的。 =====意义和用途====== 4.1 生命周期评价有助于识别产品或服务在整个生命周期中的一些潜在环境影响。在生命周期清单分析中，排放到空气中；排入水和土壤；产品生命周期所有阶段的产品、材料和能量流都被汇编和量化。由此产生的生命周期影响评估（LCIA）将量化参数转换为环境影响类别。 4.2 在产品寿命结束时（EOL）管理产品的选项包括但不限于重复使用、再循环、回收、再制造、转化为能源、焚烧、堆肥、燃烧、消化/呼吸或作为废物丢弃。材料进入后续生命周期，无论是在相同的应用中还是在其他应用中，都会减少主要原材料的输入并影响废物的数量。 LCA将需要确定是否预期实现环境影响减少，以及每个具体应用的程度。寿命终止管理会影响整个生命周期评估。 4.3 在生命周期评估中应用回收分配方法有助于评估潜在的环境影响，可能是有利的，也可能是不利的。 4.4 作为良好生命周期评价实践的一部分，从业人员应在敏感性分析中考虑回收。 4.5 LCA从业人员应确保一致性和符合ISO标准的相关规定。 4.6 回收分配可以在两个不同的产品系统之间分割流量和影响。

1.1 This guide illustrates alternative allocation approaches that provide options for modeling secondary material flows and related recycling scenarios within a life cycle assessment (LCA) study. It helps practitioners characterize and understand materials recycling across industries; provides the available methodologies for consideration of the environmental impacts that are attributed to material and product flows in LCA; aids in assessment of the overall life cycle of systems and understanding of materials; and supports life cycle management. 1.2 The guide is not intended to contradict or circumvent the LCA provisions of ISO 14025, ISO 14040, ISO 14044, ISO 14067, ISO/TR 14049, or ISO 21930. When conflicts arise related to LCA, the guidance of those ISO standards takes precedence. 1.3 The following seven material-specific appendixes are included: Title Appendix Recycling of Copper Appendix X1 Recycling of Flue Gas Desulfurization (FGD) Gypsum Appendix X2 Recycling of Glass Appendix X3 Recycling of Plastics Appendix X4 Recycling of Post-consumer (PC) Gypsum Appendix X5 Recycling of Stainless Steel Appendix X6 Recycling of Supplementary Cementitious Materials Appendix X7 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 4.1 LCAs can help to identify some of the potential environmental impacts of products or services throughout the entire life cycle. In a life cycle inventory analysis, emissions into the air; discharges into the water and soil; and product, material, and energy flows at all stages of a product’s life cycle are compiled and quantified. The resulting life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) converts the quantified parameters into environmental impact categories. 4.2 Options for managing products at their end of life (EOL) can include, but are not limited to, re-using, recycling, recovering, remanufacturing, converting to energy, incinerating, composting, combustion, digestion/respiration, or discarding as waste. Materials enter subsequent life cycle(s), either in the same or in other applications, reducing the input of primary raw material and impacting the amount of waste. LCA will be required to determine if environmental impact reductions are expected to be realized and to what extent for each specific application. The end-of-life management can impact the overall life cycle assessment. 4.3 The application of an allocation method for recycling in life cycle assessments is useful in assessing potential environmental impacts, which may be either beneficial or adverse. 4.4 As part of good LCA practice, practitioners should consider recycling in the sensitivity analysis. 4.5 LCA practitioners are expected to ensure consistency and conformance with the relevant provisions of ISO standards. 4.6 Allocation for recycling can split the flows and impacts between two different product systems.