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High Performance Residential Housing Units at U.S. Coast Guard Base Kodiak 美国海岸警卫队科迪亚克基地的高性能住宅单元
美国海岸警卫队(USCG)使用基本模板在全国各地建造住宅,该模板必须满足能源和环境设计(LEED)最低领导银标准或更好的单元标准。在阿拉斯加的科迪亚克,USCG正在采购24至100套多户住宅单元。科迪亚克项目的优先事项是将总能耗比现有机组至少降低20%,改进围护结构,并评估空间供暖方案。 USCG面临着维护类似的现有装置的挑战,这些装置具有复杂的家用柴油锅炉。此外,科迪亚克的燃料和材料成本很高。虽然USCG一直致力于根据改进建筑围护结构的原则优化住宅单元的性能,但工程师们意识到仍有改进的机会,尤其是在供暖、通风和空调(HVAC)系统和不同的围护结构措施方面。USCG员工还希望平衡更高的前期项目成本,以显著缩短寿命- 预期寿命为50年或以上的住宅单元的周期成本。为了回答这些问题,该分析使用了住宅建模工具BEoptE+来检查气候的潜在节能机会。结果提出了以最低成本实现最佳住房性能的标准。USCG将把这些标准纳入其采购流程。为了达到50%以上的节能效果,USCG需要指定完整的2x6英寸(38x140毫米)木柱R- 21(R-3.7 m2K/W)隔热层,带有2英寸(50.8 mm)的外部泡沫,爬行空间的R-38(R-6.7 m2K/W)天花板隔热层,甚至墙壁隔热层,通风阁楼的R-49(R-8.6 m2K/W)玻璃纤维板。应改进空气屏障,以确保外壳紧密,渗透最小,达到2.0 ACH50的目标。采用空气源热泵满足空间供暖要求后,住宅单元的暖通空调和围护结构节能组合可比现有住宅单元节省高达58%的能源。 引用:ASHRAE论文CD:2014 ASHRAE冬季会议,纽约
The United States Coast Guard (USCG) constructs residential housing throughout the country using a basic template that must meet the minimum Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) Silver criteria or better for the units. In Kodiak, Alaska, USCG is procuring between 24 and 100 residential multifamily housing units. Priorities for the Kodiak project were to reduce overall energy consumption by at least 20% over existing units, improve envelope construction, and evaluate space heating options. USCG is challenged with maintaining similar existing units that have complicated residential diesel boilers. Additionally, fuel and material costs are high in Kodiak. While USCG has worked to optimize the performance of the housing units with principles of improved building envelope, the engineers realize there are still opportunities for improvement, especially within the heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system and different envelope measures. USCG staff also desires to balance higher upfront project costs for significantly reduced life-cycle costs of the residential units that have an expected lifetime of 50 or more years. To answer these questions, this analysis used the residential modeling tool BEoptE+ to examine potential energy-saving opportunities for the climate. The results suggest criteria for achieving optimized housing performance at the lowest cost. USCG will integrate the criteria into their procurement process.To achieve greater than 50% energy savings, USCG will need to specify full 2x6 inch (38x140 mm) wood stud R-21 (R-3.7 m2K/W) insulation with 2 inches (50.8 mm) of exterior foam, R-38 (R-6.7 m2K/W) ceiling insulation or even wall insulation in the crawl space, and R-49 (R-8.6 m2K/W) fiberglass batts in the vented attic. The air barrier should be improved to ensure a tight envelope with minimal infiltration to the goal of 2.0 ACH50. With the implementation of an air source heat pump for space heating requirements, the combination of HVAC and envelope savings in the residential unit can save up to 58% in source energy over existing residential units.
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