1.1 本指南为在山区开展行动的搜救人员规定了最低限度的培训，包括一般和现场知识、技能和能力。 1.2 山地背书仅适用于那些能够在山区地形和可能对人类生理产生负面影响的海拔高度的困难条件下作业的个人。 1.3 具体而言，山区认可的个人可以在合格的监督下，在山区安全有效地履行其正常职责。 1.4 仅凭山地背书不足以表明个人具备执行任何特定职责的知识、技能和/或能力，包括本指南中定义的搜救行动。 1.5 仅本指南并没有提供在部分或完全倒塌的结构、水中或水上、密闭空间、地下（如洞穴、矿山和隧道）或高山环境中进行操作的最低培训要求。 1.6 山地认可个人可以是山地搜索小组或工作队或小组的成员，如分类中所定义 F1993 . 1.7 山地认可的搜救人员必须在有管辖权的机构（AHJ）认为适当的合格监督下工作。 1.8 本标准并不旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。本标准的使用者有责任在使用前制定适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 1.9 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认的标准化原则制定的。 ====意义和用途====== 4.1 本指南为在山区开展行动的搜救人员的培训制定了最低标准。 4.1.1 山地认可的个人必须至少具备与个人或团队成员在山地安全行动有关的知识、技能和能力。 4.1.2 每一个被认定为山地背书的人都应符合本指南的要求。 4.1.3 获得山地认可的个人有权在其当前培训水平上添加前缀“山地认可”。 4.2 本指南仅规定了一个人作为更大团队的一部分在山区作业所需的最低知识、技能和能力。不包括或暗示任何其他技能。 4.3 山地背书仅表示人员有资格在其正常作业区域的山地安全有效地作业。 4.3.1 仅凭山地背书并不意味着一个人拥有足够的实地技能和知识来执行任务- 关键决策。 4.4 本指南概述了培训或评估山地认可人员所需的主题，可用于协助制定培训文件或计划。 4.5 本指南可用于评估文件，以确定其内容是否包括培训个人在山区环境中操作所需的主题。同样，本指南可用于评估现有培训计划，以确定其是否符合本指南中的要求。 4.6 以下各节中介绍的知识、技能和能力没有任何特定的顺序，也不代表培训顺序。 4.7 本指南并不独立，必须与其他ASTM标准一起使用，以确定在山区环境中进行搜索和/或救援所需的知识、技能和能力。 4.8 尽管本指南仅规定了最低标准，但并不意味着山地认可的个人是组织的“受训人员”、“试用人员”或其他类似成员。 4.8.1 AHJ负责确定其团队成员评级的要求和资格。 4.8.2 本指南中的任何内容都不排除AHJ对其自身成员增加额外要求。 4.9 山地认可的个人应通过完成符合指南的职位任务书来记录他或她的培训 F3068 ，或在合格监督下进行现场演示。 4.10 如果必须证明熟练掌握某项技能或能力，除非另有规定，否则应根据AHJ的要求，在初次资格认证时进行证明。

1.1 This guide establishes the minimum training, including general and field knowledge, skills, and abilities, for search and rescue personnel who conduct operations in mountainous terrain. 1.2 A Mountain Endorsement is intended only for those individuals capable of operating in the difficult conditions found in mountainous terrain, at altitudes that may have a negative impact on human physiology. 1.3 Specifically, Mountain Endorsed individuals may, under qualified supervision, perform their normal duties safely and effectively in mountainous terrain. 1.4 A Mountain Endorsement alone is not sufficient to indicate that an individual has the knowledge, skills, and/or abilities to perform any specific duties, including search and rescue operations, other than those defined within this guide. 1.5 This guide alone does not provide the minimum training requirements for performing operations in partially or fully collapsed structures, in or on water, in confined spaces, underground (such as in caves, mines, and tunnels), or in an alpine environment. 1.6 A Mountain Endorsed individual may be a member of a Mountainous Land Search Team or Task Force or Group, as defined in Classification F1993 . 1.7 Mountain Endorsed SAR personnel must work under qualified supervision, as deemed appropriate by the Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ). 1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 4.1 This guide establishes a minimum standard for training of SAR personnel who conduct operations in mountainous terrain. 4.1.1 Mountain Endorsed individuals are required to have, at a minimum, the knowledge, skills, and abilities pertaining to safe movement individually, or as a member of a team, in mountainous terrain. 4.1.2 Every person who is identified as Mountain Endorsed shall meet the requirements of this guide. 4.1.3 Mountain Endorsed individuals shall be entitled to add the prefix “Mountain Endorsed” to their current training levels. 4.2 This guide only establishes the minimum knowledge, skills, and abilities required for a person to operate in mountainous terrain as a part of a larger team. No other skills are included or implied. 4.3 Mountain Endorsement only indicates that personnel are qualified to operate safely and effectively in mountainous terrain in their normal area of operations. 4.3.1 A Mountain Endorsement alone does not indicate that an individual possesses adequate field skills and knowledge to make mission-critical decisions. 4.4 This guide is an outline of the topics required for training or evaluating a Mountain Endorsed individual, and may be used to assist in the development of a training document or program. 4.5 This guide can be used to evaluate a document to determine if its content includes the topics necessary for training individuals to operate in the mountainous environment. Likewise, this guide can be used to evaluate an existing training program to see if it meets the requirements in this guide. 4.6 The knowledge, skills, and abilities presented in the following sections are not in any particular order and do not represent a training sequence. 4.7 This guide does not stand alone and must be used with other ASTM standards to identify the knowledge, skills, and abilities needed to conduct search and/or rescue in the mountainous environment. 4.8 Though this guide establishes only minimum standards, it does not imply that a Mountain Endorsed individual is a “trainee,” “probationary,” or other similarly termed member of an organization. 4.8.1 The AHJ is responsible for determining the requirements and qualifications for its team member ratings. 4.8.2 Nothing in this guide precludes an AHJ from adding additional requirements for its own members. 4.9 A Mountain Endorsed individual shall document his or her training by completion of a position task book compliant with Guide F3068 , or by field demonstration under qualified supervision. 4.10 Where proficiency in a skill or ability must be demonstrated, unless stated otherwise it shall be demonstrated for initial qualification and as often as required by the AHJ.