本研究考察了常规预处理和常规预处理的效果 臭氧和生物过滤（O₃/BF）对反渗透（RO）膜有机污染的影响。项目 目标包括评估O₃/BF对天然有机物（NOM）的影响以及变化的方式 影响反渗透结垢。使用超滤（UF）粒度分级对NOM进行表征 在254 nm（UV₂₅₄）的紫外线吸收率下产生以下粒级:>10 kDa， 10-3 kDa、3-1 kDa和<1 kDa。分析了盐截留率、比通量和压差数据 用于评估反渗透膜的性能。对污染的反渗透膜进行了分析 扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、能量色散光谱（EDS）和傅里叶变换 变换红外光声光谱（FTIR-PAS）。常规结果显示 预处理产生的平均浊度和泥沙密度指数（SDI）低于O₃/BF，但 两种预处理工艺的平均SDI值均高于推荐值（>3.0） 反渗透膜。同一样品的NOM尺寸分布差异很大 位置，防止评估O₃/BF对NOM和RO污垢的影响。扫描电镜 显示了胶体和有机污染的视觉形态。EDS识别 硅酸铝和二氧化硅是胶体污染的来源，尤其是在O₃/BF之后。FTIR-PAS 表明O₃/BF导致更多污垢，并确定了蛋白质、多糖和铝 硅酸盐是主要的污染物，但与多糖和硅酸铝重叠 光谱掩盖了这些物质的相对贡献。总的来说，常规预处理 与O₃/BF预处理相比，产生了更好的反渗透性能和更少的污垢。增强NOM 表征技术、评估替代NOM特性或减少干扰 从胶体污染可以改进反渗透膜有机污染的未来研究。包括11个参考文献、表格、图表。

This study examined the effects of conventional pretreatment and conventional pretreatment with ozone and biofiltration (O₃/BF) on organic fouling of reverse osmosis (RO) membranes. Project goals included assessing the effects of O₃/BF on natural organic matter (NOM) and how changes to NOM affect RO fouling. NOM was characterized using ultrafiltration (UF) size fractionation with ultraviolet absorbance at 254 nm (UV₂₅₄) to produce the following size fractions: >10 kDa, 10-3 kDa, 3-1 kDa, and <1 kDa. Salt rejection, specific flux, and differential pressure data were used to evaluate RO membrane performance. Fouled RO membranes were analyzed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and Fourier transform infrared photoacoustic spectroscopy (FTIR-PAS). Results showed conventional pretreatment produced lower average turbidity and silt density index (SDI) than O₃/BF, although average SDI values for both pretreatment processes were higher (>3.0) than recommended for RO membranes. NOM size distribution varied substantially between samples from the same location, preventing an assessment of the effect of O₃/BF on NOM and RO fouling. SEM revealed visual morphologies indicative of colloidal and organic fouling. EDS identified aluminum silicates and silica as sources of colloidal fouling, particularly after O₃/BF. FTIR-PAS indicated O₃/BF caused more fouling and identified proteins, polysaccharides, and aluminum silicates as the primary foulants, although overlapping polysaccharide and aluminum silicate spectra obscured the relative contributions of these materials. Overall, conventional pretreatment yielded better RO performance and less fouling than O₃/BF pretreatment. Enhancing NOM characterization techniques, evaluating alternative NOM characteristics, or reducing interference from colloidal fouling could improve future studies on organic fouling of RO membranes. Includes 11 references, tables, figures.