1.1 本试验方法适用于现场监测柴油曲轴箱发动机油中的烟尘以及其他类型的发动机油中的烟尘，其中烟尘可能因在用燃料燃烧不完全而窜气而污染润滑剂。 1.2 本试验方法使用FT-IR光谱法监测正常机械操作导致的在用润滑剂中的烟尘积聚。由于废气再循环或吹扫，烟尘颗粒污染了机油，因此发动机机油中的烟尘水平升高- 通过该测试方法设计为一种快速、简单的光谱检查，用于监测在用润滑油中的烟尘，目的是通过测量油中的烟尘水平来帮助诊断机器的运行状况。 1.3 标准实施规程中描述了用于测量在用机油和润滑剂样品中烟尘的FT-IR光谱数据的采集 D7418 . 在该测试方法中，介绍了使用直接趋势分析和差分（谱减法）趋势分析的烟尘测量和数据解释参数。 1.4 本试验方法基于在用润滑剂中与烟尘相关的光谱变化趋势。对于直接趋势分析，直接从吸光度光谱中记录值，并以每0.1 mm光程的100*吸光度为单位进行报告。对于差异趋势分析，从差异光谱（通过将参考油的光谱与在用油的光谱相减获得的光谱）中记录值，并以每0.1 mm光程长度100*吸光度的单位（或等效的每厘米吸光度单位）报告。 可以根据单个测量的固定最大值设置警告或报警限值，或者也可以根据测量响应的变化率设置警告或报警限值 ( 1. ) . 2. 在任何一种情况下，应通过统计分析、相同或类似设备的历史记录、循环试验或其他方法以及烟尘水平与设备性能的相关性来确定此类维护行动限制。 1.4.1 行业内更广泛地理解以百分比形式报告的烟尘值的解释。 作为替代报告选项，提供了一个将程序A（直接趋势）分析生成的烟尘吸光度值转换为百分比的等式。该方程基于比尔-朗伯定律，该定律规定浓度与吸光度成正比。 注1: 本试验方法的目的不是为任何机械建立或建议正常、警戒、警告或警戒极限。应结合机械制造商和维护小组的建议和指导制定此类限制。 1.5 本试验方法主要适用于石油/烃基润滑剂，但也适用于酯基油，包括多元醇酯或磷酸酯。 1.6 该方法仅用于现场测试，应按此处理。关键应用应使用基于实验室的方法，如标准方法中描述的热重分析（TGA） D5967 ，附件A4。 1.7 本标准并非旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。 本标准的用户有责任在使用前制定适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 1.8 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒（TBT）委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认标准化原则制定的。 ====意义和用途====== 5.1 烟尘材料的增加会导致磨损、过滤器堵塞和粘度增加。因此，烟尘监测是确定整体机械健康状况的一个重要参数，应结合其他测试的数据，如用于磨损金属分析的原子发射光谱（AE）和原子吸收光谱（AA）（测试方法）来考虑 D5185 )，物理性能测试（测试方法 D445 和 D2896 )和其他FT-IR油氧化分析方法（试验方法 D7414 )，硫酸盐副产物（试验方法 D7415 )，硝化（试验方法 D7624 )和添加剂消耗（试验方法 D7412 )它还评估了石油状况的要素 ( 1- 6. ) .

1.1 This test method pertains to field-based monitoring soot in diesel crankcase engine oils as well as in other types of engine oils where soot may contaminate the lubricant as a result of a blow-by due to incomplete combustion of in-service fuels. 1.2 This test method uses FT-IR spectroscopy for monitoring of soot build-up in in-service lubricants as a result of normal machinery operation. Soot levels in engine oils rise as soot particles contaminate the oil as a result of exhaust gas recirculation or a blow-by. This test method is designed as a fast, simple spectroscopic check for monitoring of soot in in-service lubricants with the objective of helping diagnose the operational condition of the machine based on measuring the level of soot in the oil. 1.3 Acquisition of FT-IR spectral data for measuring soot in in-service oil and lubricant samples is described in Standard Practice D7418 . In this test method, measurement and data interpretation parameters for soot using both direct trend analysis and differential (spectral subtraction) trend analysis are presented. 1.4 This test method is based on trending of spectral changes associated with soot in in-service lubricants. For direct trend analysis, values are recorded directly from absorbance spectra and reported in units of 100*absorbance per 0.1 mm pathlength. For differential trend analysis, values are recorded from the differential spectra (spectrum obtained by subtraction of the spectrum of the reference oil from that of the in-service oil) and reported in units of 100*absorbance per 0.1 mm pathlength (or equivalently absorbance units per centimeter). Warnings or alarm limits can be set on the basis of a fixed maximum value for a single measurement or, alternatively, can be based on a rate of change of the response measured ( 1 ) . 2 In either case, such maintenance action limits should be determined through statistical analysis, history of the same or similar equipment, round robin tests or other methods in conjunction with the correlation of soot levels to equipment performance. 1.4.1 Interpretation of soot values reported as a percentage is more widely understood within the industry. As an alternate reporting option, an equation to convert the soot absorbance value generated from Procedure A (direct trend) analysis to percent is provided. This equation is based on the Beer-Lambert law which states that concentration is directly proportional to absorbance. Note 1: It is not the intent of this test method to establish or recommend normal, cautionary, warning, or alert limits for any machinery. Such limits should be established in conjunction with advice and guidance from the machinery manufacturer and maintenance group. 1.5 This test method is primarily for petroleum/hydrocarbon based lubricants but is also applicable for ester based oils, including polyol esters or phosphate esters. 1.6 This method is intended as a field test only, and should be treated as such. Critical applications should use laboratory based methods, such as Thermal Gravimetric (TGA) analysis described in Standard Method D5967 , Annex A4. 1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 5.1 An increase in soot material can lead to increased wear, filter plugging and viscosity. Monitoring of soot is therefore an important parameter in determining overall machinery health and should be considered in conjunction with data from other tests such as atomic emission (AE) and atomic absorption (AA) spectroscopy for wear metal analysis (Test Method D5185 ), physical property tests (Test Methods D445 and D2896 ), and other FT-IR oil analysis methods for oxidation (Test Method D7414 ), sulfate by-products (Test Method D7415 ), nitration (Test Method D7624 ), and additive depletion (Test Method D7412 ), which also assess elements of the oil’s condition ( 1- 6 ) .