1.1 本规程描述了使用铲斗采集水或其他液体表面样本的程序和设备。带有延伸手柄的池塘取样器或铲斗允许操作员在距离河岸或其他安全基脚15英尺的地方对溪流、池塘、废物坑和泻湖进行取样。勺子可用于填充样品瓶，而不会污染瓶外。 1.2 本标准并不旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如果有的话）。本标准的使用者有责任在使用前建立适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 1.3 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认的标准化原则制定的。 =====意义和用途====== 4.1 本规程适用于地表水和其他液体的取样。 4.2 浸渍设备结构简单，使用方便，相对容易消毒；然而，这种做法不会提供多相液体的准确结果。 4.3 此做法供采集样本的人员使用。 4.4 勺子最适合用来舀水 表面 液体样品。不应试图用铲斗采集地下样本，因为当铲斗被带到地表时，会发生混合和稀释。必须使用在将其带到地表之前可以关闭的设备（例如COLIWASA、管式取样器或瓶式取样器）对地下层进行取样。 4.5 如果需要定量表征，铲斗不适合对多相液体进行取样。 4.6 当进行挥发性有机物分析（VOA）时，用勺子获得的样品应倒入适当的容器（VOA小瓶）中，尽量减少空气接触和搅拌。 4.7 此做法应与指南结合使用 D4687 ，其中包括取样计划、安全、质量保证（QA）、保存、净化、标签和监管链程序；也练习 D5088 ，其中包括对废物处理场使用的现场设备进行去污。与本规程相关的其他文件为EPA-600/2-80-018和EPA-600/4-84-076。

1.1 This practice describes the procedure and equipment for taking surface samples of water or other liquids using a dipper. A pond sampler or dipper with extension handle allows the operator to sample streams, ponds, waste pits, and lagoons as far as 15 ft from the bank or other secure footing. The dipper is useful in filling a sample bottle without contaminating the outside of the bottle. 1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 4.1 This practice is intended for use in the sampling of surface waters and other liquids. 4.2 Dipper equipment is uncomplicated in construction, simple to use, and relatively easy to decontaminate; however, this practice will not provide accurate results with multiphase liquids. 4.3 This practice is to be used by personnel acquiring samples. 4.4 The dipper is best used to take a surface sample of liquid. No attempt should be made to take subsurface samples with a dipper because mixing and dilution will occur as the dipper is brought to the surface. Subsurface layers must be sampled using a device that can be closed prior to bringing it to the surface (for example, a COLIWASA, tube sampler, or bottle sampler). 4.5 The dipper is not appropriate for sampling multiphase liquids if quantitative characterization is needed. 4.6 When volatile organic analysis (VOA) will be performed, samples obtained with a dipper should be poured into an appropriate container (VOA vial) with minimal air contact and agitation. 4.7 This practice should be used in conjunction with Guide D4687 , which covers sampling plans, safety, quality assurance (QA), preservation, decontamination, labeling, and chain-of-custody procedures; also Practice D5088 , which covers decontamination of field equipment used at waste sites. Other documents pertinent to this practice are EPA-600/2-80-018 and EPA-600/4-84-076.