1.1 本指南涵盖了通过对从在用润滑剂和液压油样品中提取的磨损和污染颗粒进行微观检查而获得的在用润滑剂颗粒碎屑分析结果的分类和报告。本指南建议使用标准化术语来促进一致的报告，提供逻辑框架来记录可能或可能的根本原因，并支持基于可用碎片分析信息的与机器健康状况或严重性相关的推断。 1.2 本指南应与适当的磨屑分析样品制备和检查技术结合使用，包括但不限于以下内容之一: 1.2.1 使用线性载玻片的铁谱分析， 1.2.2 使用旋转玻璃载玻片进行铁谱分析， 1.2.3 使用贴片制造商进行贴片分析（通过膜过滤器过滤）， 1.2.4 过滤器碎屑分析， 1.2.5 磁性塞检查，或 1.2.6 用于从在用润滑剂中提取和检查颗粒碎屑的其他方法。 1.3 本标准无意评估或描述这些特定颗粒提取和检查方法中的一种或另一种的优缺点。 1.4 以国际单位制表示的数值应视为标准值。本标准不包括其他计量单位。 1.5 本标准并非旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。 本标准的用户有责任在使用前制定适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 1.6 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒（TBT）委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认标准化原则制定的。 ====意义和用途====== 5.1 颗粒检测的目的是根据油中观察到的颗粒数量和类型，诊断所采样机器的工作条件。 磨合后，正常运行的机器在不同样品之间表现出一致的颗粒浓度和颗粒类型。颗粒浓度的增加，伴随着颗粒类型的大小和严重程度的增加，表明故障开始。本指南描述了在用润滑油中常见的颗粒，但没有说明颗粒浓度的量化方法。 5.2 本指南旨在促进改进和扩大微粒碎片分析与在役润滑剂分析的使用。它有助于克服一些感知到的复杂性和由此产生的恐吓，从而有效地将颗粒碎片分析限制在专业人员和数量非常有限的从业者手中。 标准化术语和通用报告格式提供了一致的解释和一般理解。 5.3 如果没有颗粒碎屑分析，在役润滑剂分析结果往往无法从分析结果中得出可能的根本原因或潜在严重性，因为缺少有关可能的识别或损坏机制程度的信息。 5.4 从特定样品中发现的颗粒得出结论时应小心，尤其是当所检查的样品是该类型机器的第一个样品时。一些机器在正常运行期间会产生磨损颗粒，在其他机器中会被视为高度异常。 例如，许多齿轮箱在其预期使用寿命内会产生严重磨损颗粒，而飞机燃气涡轮机油样本中只有少数严重磨损颗粒可能高度异常。健全的诊断要求为受监督的每种机器类型建立基线或典型的磨损颗粒特征。

1.1 This guide covers the classification and reporting of results from in-service lubricant particulate debris analysis obtained by microscopic inspection of wear and contaminant particles extracted from in-service lubricant and hydraulic oil samples. This guide suggests standardized terminology to promote consistent reporting, provides logical framework to document likely or possible root causes, and supports inference associated machinery health condition or severity based on available debris analysis information. 1.2 This guide shall be used in conjunction with an appropriate wear debris analysis sample preparation and inspection technique including, but not limited to, one of the following: 1.2.1 Ferrography using linear glass slides, 1.2.2 Ferrography using rotary glass slides, 1.2.3 Patch analysis using patch makers (filtration through membrane filters), 1.2.4 Filter debris analysis, 1.2.5 Magnetic plug inspection, or 1.2.6 Other means used to extract and inspect particulate debris from in-service lubricants. 1.3 This standard is not intended to evaluate or characterize the advantage or disadvantage of one or another of these particular particle extraction and inspection methods. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 5.1 The objective of particle examination is to diagnose the operational condition of the machine sampled based on the quantity and type of particles observed in the oil. After break-in, normally running machines exhibit consistent particle concentration and particle types from sample to sample. An increase in particle concentration, accompanied by an increase in size and severity of particle types, is indicative of initiation of a fault. This guide describes commonly found particles in in-service lubricants, but does not address methodology for quantification of particle concentration. 5.2 This guide is provided to promote improved and expanded use of particulate debris analysis with in-service lubricant analysis. It helps overcome some perceived complexity and resulting intimidation that effectively limits particulate debris analysis to the hands of a specialized and very limited number of practitioners. Standardized terminology and common reporting formats provide consistent interpretation and general understanding. 5.3 Without particulate debris analysis, in-service lubricant analysis results often fall short of concluding likely root cause or potential severity from analytical results because of missing information about the possible identification or extent of damaging mechanisms. 5.4 Caution shall be exercised when drawing conclusions from the particles found in a particular sample, especially if the sample being examined is the first from that type of machine. Some machines, during normal operation, generate wear particles that would be considered highly abnormal in other machines. For example, many gear boxes generate severe wear particles throughout their expected service life, whereas just a few severe wear particles from an aircraft gas turbine oil sample may be highly abnormal. Sound diagnostics require that a baseline, or typical wear particle signature, be established for each machine type under surveillance.