1.1 本规程涵盖了用于工程目的的土壤描述程序。 1.2 本规程还描述了根据试验方法中描述的分类系统，由用户选择识别土壤的程序 D2487 . 识别基于目视检查和手动测试。报告中应明确说明，土壤识别基于目视手动程序。 1.2.1 当需要为工程目的对土壤进行精确分类时，试验方法中概述的程序 D2487 应使用。 1.2.2 在本实践中，指定组符号和名称的识别程序仅限于小于3英寸的土壤颗粒。 （75毫米）。 1.2.3 本规程的识别部分仅限于天然土壤。用于识别的样本可能完好无损或受到干扰。 注1: 本规程可用作适用于页岩、粘土岩、贝壳、碎石等材料的描述系统（见 附录X2 ). 1.3 本规程中的描述信息可用于其他土壤分类系统，或用于自然土壤以外的材料。 1.4 单位- 以英寸-磅为单位的数值应视为标准值。括号中给出的值是国际单位制的合理转换，仅供参考，不被视为标准。 根据实践，使用“替代”系统识别筛网名称 E11 . 1.5 本标准并非旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。本标准的用户有责任在使用前制定适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 有关具体的预防说明，请参阅第节 8. . 1.6 本实践提供了一组用于执行一个或多个特定操作的说明。本文件不能取代教育或经验，应与专业判断一起使用。 并非本惯例的所有方面都适用于所有情况。本ASTM标准不代表或取代必须根据其判断给定专业服务的充分性的谨慎标准，也不应在不考虑项目的许多独特方面的情况下应用本文件。本文件标题中的“标准”一词仅表示该文件已通过ASTM共识程序获得批准。 1.7 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒（TBT）委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认标准化原则制定的。 ====意义和用途====== 5.1 本规程中所需的描述性信息可用于描述土壤，以帮助评估其工程使用的重要特性。 5.2 本规程中要求的描述性信息应用于补充试验方法确定的土壤分类 D2487 . 5.3 本规程可用于使用试验方法中规定的分类组符号和名称识别土壤 D2487 . 因为本规程中用于识别土壤的名称和符号与试验方法中使用的名称和符号相同 D2487 应在报告和所有其他适当文件中明确说明，分类符号和名称基于视觉- 手动程序。 5.4 本规程用于现场、实验室或任何其他土壤样品检查和描述位置的土壤识别。 5.5 本规程可用于对类似土壤样本进行分组，以减少土壤正分类所需的实验室试验数量。 注2: 在经验丰富的人员的指导下，可以更容易地学习正确描述和识别土壤的能力，但也可以通过将每种类型的典型土壤的数值实验室测试结果与其视觉和手动特征进行比较来系统地获得。 5.6 来自给定钻孔、测试坑或具有类似特征的位置的土壤样本不需要遵循本实践中的所有程序，前提是至少有一个样本被完整描述和识别。 这些样品只能遵循必要的程序来确定其“相似”，并应贴上标签。 5.7 本规程可与规程结合使用 D4083 处理冻土时。 注3: 本标准产生的结果的质量取决于执行该标准的人员的能力以及所用设备和设施的适用性。符合实践标准的机构 D3740 通常认为能够胜任和客观的测试/采样/检查等。本标准的用户应注意遵守惯例 D3740 本身并不能保证可靠的结果。可靠的结果取决于许多因素； 实践 D3740 提供了一种评估其中一些因素的方法。

1.1 This practice covers procedures for the description of soils for engineering purposes. 1.2 This practice also describes a procedure for identifying soils, at the option of the user, based on the classification system described in Test Method D2487 . The identification is based on visual examination and manual tests. It shall be clearly stated in reporting, the soil identification is based on visual-manual procedures. 1.2.1 When precise classification of soils for engineering purposes is required, the procedures outlined in Test Method D2487 shall be used. 1.2.2 In this practice, the identification procedures assigning a group symbol and name are limited to soil particles smaller than 3 in. (75 mm). 1.2.3 The identification portion of this practice is limited to naturally occurring soils. Specimens used for identification may be either intact or disturbed. Note 1: This practice may be used as a descriptive system applied to such materials as shale, claystone, shells, crushed rock, etc. (see Appendix X2 ). 1.3 The descriptive information in this practice may be used with other soil classification systems or for materials other than naturally occurring soils. 1.4 Units— The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are rationalized conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. The sieve designations are identified using the “alternative” system in accordance with Practice E11 . 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements see Section 8 . 1.6 This practice offers a set of instructions for performing one or more specific operations. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this practice may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project's many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process. 1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 5.1 The descriptive information required in this practice can be used to describe a soil to aid in the evaluation of its significant properties for engineering use. 5.2 The descriptive information required in this practice should be used to supplement the classification of a soil as determined by Test Method D2487 . 5.3 This practice may be used in identifying soils using the classification group symbols and names as prescribed in Test Method D2487 . Since the names and symbols used in this practice to identify the soils are the same as those used in Test Method D2487 , it shall be clearly stated in reports and all other appropriate documents, that the classification symbol and name are based on visual-manual procedures. 5.4 This practice is to be used for identification of soils in the field, laboratory, or any other location where soil samples are inspected and described. 5.5 This practice may be used to group similar soil samples to reduce the number of laboratory tests necessary for positive soil classification. Note 2: The ability to describe and identify soils correctly is learned more readily under the guidance of experienced personnel, but it may also be acquired systematically by comparing numerical laboratory test results for typical soils of each type with their visual and manual characteristics. 5.6 Soil samples from a given boring, test pit or location which appear to have similar characteristics are not required to follow all of the procedures in this practice, providing at least one sample is completely described and identified. These samples may follow only the necessary procedures to determine they are “similar” and shall be labeled as such. 5.7 This practice may be used in combination with Practice D4083 when working with frozen soils. Note 3: The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.