有助于水平衡的因素包括总碱度、钙硬度和pH值。为了防止冷却塔结垢或腐蚀，通常需要对这些成分进行操作。传统上，这是通过使用化学物质实现的，包括但不限于以下物质——酸、苏打灰、碳酸氢钠、碳酸氢钙、杀藻剂和杀菌剂。大量研究表明，铜与已知卤素的适当结合也可以实现水系统的平衡。微生物学家已经确定，少量铜在0.4ppm时作为氯的补充，其效率与2.0ppm的游离氯相同。因此，通过使用以下成分和程序的组合，仍然可以实现预期的结果——生产铜化合物离子作为化学方案的补充，分析和操作制造- 使用铜作为凝结剂以减少水垢，铜作为补充细菌消毒剂，铜作为杀藻剂。关键词:1996年，冷却塔，水处理，消毒，铜，抑制剂，腐蚀，结垢，卤素，氯化合物，离子引用:研讨会论文，亚特兰大，佐治亚州，1996年

The factors that contribute to proper water balance include total alkalinity, calcium hardness, and pH. In order to keep the cooling tower from scaling or corroding, a manipulation of these components is often necessary. This has traditionally been achieved with the use of chemicals, including but not limited to the following - acid, soda ash, sodium bicarbonate, calcium bicarbonate, algicide, and bactericide. Extensive research has shown that a balanced water system can also be achieved by using the proper combination of copper with a known halogen. Microbiologists have determined that a small amount of copper, acting as a supplement to chlorine at 0.4ppm, has the same efficiency as 2.0ppm free chlorine. Therefore, by using the following combination of components and procedures, the desired results can still be achieved - Production of copper compound ions as a supplement to the chemical regimen, analysis and manipulation of make-up water, the use of copper as a coagulant for reduction of scale, copper as a supplement bacterial disinfectant, and copper as an algicide.KEYWORDS: year 1996, cooling towers, water treatment, disinfecting, copper, inhibitors, corrosion, scaling, halogens, chlorine compounds, ionisation