1.1 这些测试方法旨在确定包装或产品承受实验室模拟水平冲击力的能力。 1.2 这些测试方法中使用的水平冲击是编程的冲击输入，代表运输和搬运环境中发生的危险。环境危害可能包括轨道转换冲击、叉车编组冲击等。以下测试方法适用: 1.2.1 方法A、轨道车切换冲击- 该测试方法模拟轨道车转换中装载所经历的冲击脉冲类型，使用测试托架前缘上的刚性舱壁来模拟轨道车的端壁和冲击编程装置来产生代表性的冲击脉冲。在使用后装的情况下，该测试方法也可用于模拟轨道车转换期间装载载荷所经历的压缩力。它适用于在轨道车中运输的单个集装箱或系统的测试。它还可以用于评估托盘模式的有效性，以确定在轨道转换操作冲击期间集装箱之间的相互作用的影响。 1.2.2 方法B，机组载荷的编组冲击试验- 本试验方法评估单位载荷承受编组或装载操作过程中所受力的能力。 1.3 测试水平可以变化，以表示用于测试项目的运输和处理模式。 1.4 以英寸-磅单位表示的值应被视为标准值。括号中给出的值是对SI单位的数学转换，仅供参考，不被视为标准。 1.5 本标准并不旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全性问题（如果有）。本标准的使用者有责任在使用前建立适当的安全、健康和环境实践并确定法规限制的适用性。 1.6 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒（TBT）委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认的标准化原则制定的。 ======意义和用途====== 4.1 这些测试方法提供了对运输容器保护产品免于由于水平冲击而失效的能力的测量。这些措施基于受控水平的冲击输入，并且可以用于达到容器或系统的最佳设计，以保护产品免受指定水平的运输环境危害。4.2 这些测试方法提供了包装产品承受各种运输环境危害的能力的度量。这些措施可用于规定不会导致包装产品损坏的运输和处理方式，或定义其包装必须提供的所需保护水平。 4.3 试验方法A旨在模拟轨道车耦合环境。参考方法 D5277 用于模拟该环境的标准牵引齿轮部分。

1.1 These test methods are intended to determine the ability of a package or product to withstand laboratory simulated horizontal impact forces. 1.2 The horizontal impacts used in these test methods are programmed shock inputs that represent the hazards as they occur in the shipping and handling environments. The environmental hazards may include rail switching impacts, lift truck marshalling impacts, and so forth. The following test methods apply: 1.2.1 Method A, Rail Car Switching Impact— This test method simulates the types of shock pulses experienced by lading in rail car switching, with the use of a rigid bulkhead on the leading edge of the test carriage, to simulate the end wall of a railcar and shock programming devices to produce representative shock pulses. With the use of backloading, this test method may also be used to simulate compressive forces experienced by lading loads during rail car switching. It is suitable for tests of individual containers or systems as they are shipped in rail cars. It may also be used to evaluate the effectiveness of pallet patterns to determine the effect of interaction between containers during rail switching operation impacts. 1.2.2 Method B, Marshalling Impact Tests of Unit Loads— This test method assesses the ability of unit loads to withstand the forces encountered during marshalling or loading operations. 1.3 The test levels may be varied to represent the mode on shipping and handling used for the item under test. 1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 4.1 These test methods provide a measure of a shipping container's ability to protect a product from failure due to horizontal impacts. These measures are based on controlled levels of shock input and may be used for arriving at the optimum design of a container or system to protect a product against a specified level of shipping environment hazard. 4.2 These test methods provide a measure of a packaged product's ability to withstand the various levels of shipping environment hazards. These measures may be used to prescribe a mode of shipping and handling that will not induce damage to the packaged product or to define the required levels of protection that must be provided by its packaging. 4.3 Test Method A is intended to simulate the rail car coupling environment. Refer to Methods D5277 for simulating the standard draft gear portion of that environment.