1.1 本试验方法涵盖在高温下连续纤维增强高级陶瓷在单调单轴载荷下的拉伸强度测定，包括应力应变行为。本试验方法涉及但不限于附录中列出的各种建议试样几何形状。此外，还讨论了试样制造方法、测试模式（力、位移或应变控制）、测试速率（力速率、应力速率、位移速率或应变率）、允许弯曲、温度控制、温度梯度以及数据收集和报告程序。本试验方法中使用的抗拉强度是指在单调单轴载荷下获得的抗拉强度，其中单调是指从试验开始到最终断裂没有反转的连续不间断试验速率。 1.2 本试验方法主要适用于具有连续纤维增强的高级陶瓷基复合材料: 单向（1D）、双向（2D）和三向（3D）或其他多向钢筋。此外，该试验方法也可用于具有1D、2D、3D和其他多向连续纤维增强体的玻璃（非晶）基复合材料。本试验方法不直接涉及不连续纤维增强、晶须增强或颗粒增强陶瓷，尽管此处详述的试验方法可能同样适用于这些复合材料。 1.3 以国际单位制表示的数值应视为标准，并符合 IEEE/ASTM SI 10 . 1.4 本标准并非旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。本标准的用户有责任在使用前制定适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 请参阅第节 7. 具体预防措施。 1.5 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒（TBT）委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认标准化原则制定的。 ====意义和用途====== 4.1 该试验方法可用于材料开发、材料比较、质量保证、表征、可靠性评估和设计数据生成。 4.2 连续纤维增强陶瓷基复合材料通常以晶体基体和陶瓷纤维增强体为特征，是需要高耐磨性和耐腐蚀性以及高温固有损伤容限（即韧性）的结构应用的候选材料。此外，连续光纤- 增强玻璃（非晶）基复合材料是类似但要求可能较低的应用的候选材料。尽管弯曲试验方法通常用于评估整体高级陶瓷的强度，但弯曲试样的不均匀应力分布，以及CFCC在拉伸和压缩中的不同机械行为，导致对CFCC弯曲试验获得的强度结果的解释不明确。单轴加载拉伸强度试验提供了均匀应力材料的机械行为和强度信息。 4.3 与从单一主要缺陷灾难性断裂的单片高级陶瓷不同，CFCC通常从累积损伤过程中经历“优雅”（即，非灾难性、类韧性应力应变行为）断裂。因此，在单轴加载拉伸试验中，承受均匀拉伸应力的材料体积可能不是确定CFCC极限强度的重要因素。 然而，不排除需要测试统计上显著数量的拉伸试样。因此，由于脆性纤维和氟氯化碳基体强度的概率性质，在每个测试条件下需要足够数量的试样进行统计分析和设计。确定试样体积或表面积对CFCC强度分布影响的研究尚未完成。应注意的是，由于这些体积差异，使用不同推荐的拉伸试样几何形状以及量规截面中不同体积的材料获得的拉伸强度可能不同。 4.4 拉伸试验提供了材料在单轴拉伸应力下的强度和变形信息。需要均匀应力状态来有效评估任何非线性应力应变行为，这些行为可能是累积损伤过程（例如，基体开裂、基体/纤维脱粘、纤维断裂、分层等）的结果，这些过程可能会受到测试模式、测试速率、加工效果或组成材料组合、环境影响的影响，或高温。 其中一些影响可能是应力腐蚀或亚临界（缓慢）裂纹扩展的后果，可以通过本试验方法中概述的足够快的速度进行试验来最小化。 4.5 从特定材料或零件的选定部分或两者制成的标准尺寸试样的拉伸试验结果可能不能完全代表整个全尺寸最终产品的强度和变形特性或其在不同环境或不同高温下的使用行为。 4.6 出于质量控制目的，从标准化拉伸试样得出的结果可被视为指示材料在特定主要加工条件和加工后热处理下的响应。 4.7 CFCC的拉伸行为和强度取决于其固有的断裂阻力、缺陷的存在或损伤累积过程，或两者兼而有之。 虽然不在本试验方法的范围内，但建议对断裂面和断口进行分析。

1.1 This test method covers the determination of tensile strength, including stress-strain behavior, under monotonic uniaxial loading of continuous fiber-reinforced advanced ceramics at elevated temperatures. This test method addresses, but is not restricted to, various suggested test specimen geometries as listed in the appendixes. In addition, test specimen fabrication methods, testing modes (force, displacement, or strain control), testing rates (force rate, stress rate, displacement rate, or strain rate), allowable bending, temperature control, temperature gradients, and data collection and reporting procedures are addressed. Tensile strength as used in this test method refers to the tensile strength obtained under monotonic uniaxial loading, where monotonic refers to a continuous nonstop test rate with no reversals from test initiation to final fracture. 1.2 This test method applies primarily to advanced ceramic matrix composites with continuous fiber reinforcement: unidirectional (1D), bidirectional (2D), and tridirectional (3D) or other multi-directional reinforcements. In addition, this test method may also be used with glass (amorphous) matrix composites with 1D, 2D, 3D, and other multi-directional continuous fiber reinforcements. This test method does not directly address discontinuous fiber-reinforced, whisker-reinforced, or particulate-reinforced ceramics, although the test methods detailed here may be equally applicable to these composites. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard and are in accordance with IEEE/ASTM SI 10 . 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Refer to Section 7 for specific precautions. 1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 4.1 This test method may be used for material development, material comparison, quality assurance, characterization, reliability assessment, and design data generation. 4.2 Continuous fiber-reinforced ceramic matrix composites generally characterized by crystalline matrices and ceramic fiber reinforcements are candidate materials for structural applications requiring high degrees of wear and corrosion resistance, and elevated-temperature inherent damage tolerance (that is, toughness). In addition, continuous fiber-reinforced glass (amorphous) matrix composites are candidate materials for similar but possibly less demanding applications. Although flexural test methods are commonly used to evaluate strengths of monolithic advanced ceramics, the nonuniform stress distribution of the flexure test specimen, in addition to dissimilar mechanical behavior in tension and compression for CFCCs, leads to ambiguity of interpretation of strength results obtained from flexure tests for CFCCs. Uniaxially loaded tensile strength tests provide information on mechanical behavior and strength for a uniformly stressed material. 4.3 Unlike monolithic advanced ceramics that fracture catastrophically from a single dominant flaw, CFCCs generally experience “graceful” (that is, non-catastrophic, ductile-like stress-strain behavior) fracture from a cumulative damage process. Therefore, the volume of material subjected to a uniform tensile stress for a single uniaxially loaded tensile test may not be as significant a factor in determining the ultimate strengths of CFCCs. However, the need to test a statistically significant number of tensile test specimens is not obviated. Therefore, because of the probabilistic nature of the strengths of the brittle fibers and matrices of CFCCs, a sufficient number of test specimens at each testing condition is required for statistical analysis and design. Studies to determine the influence of test specimen volume or surface area on strength distributions for CFCCs have not been completed. It should be noted that tensile strengths obtained using different recommended tensile test specimen geometries with different volumes of material in the gage sections may be different due to these volume differences. 4.4 Tensile tests provide information on the strength and deformation of materials under uniaxial tensile stresses. Uniform stress states are required to effectively evaluate any nonlinear stress-strain behavior that may develop as the result of cumulative damage processes (for example, matrix cracking, matrix/fiber debonding, fiber fracture, delamination, and so forth) that may be influenced by testing mode, testing rate, effects of processing or combinations of constituent materials, environmental influences, or elevated temperatures. Some of these effects may be consequences of stress corrosion or subcritical (slow) crack growth that can be minimized by testing at sufficiently rapid rates as outlined in this test method. 4.5 The results of tensile tests of test specimens fabricated to standardized dimensions from a particular material or selected portions of a part, or both, may not totally represent the strength and deformation properties of the entire, full-size end product or its in-service behavior in different environments or various elevated temperatures. 4.6 For quality control purposes, results derived from standardized tensile test specimens may be considered indicative of the response of the material from which they were taken for the particular primary processing conditions and post-processing heat treatments. 4.7 The tensile behavior and strength of a CFCC are dependent on its inherent resistance to fracture, the presence of flaws, or damage accumulation processes, or both. Analysis of fracture surfaces and fractography, though beyond the scope of this test method, is recommended.