本文件为工业废水回收和再利用的废水软化和脱盐工艺的评估和比较提供了指导，具体考虑了以下六个方面:1）化学沉淀；2)离子交换；3)纳滤(NF)；4)反渗透(RO)；5)电渗析(ED)和6)电去离子(EDI)。本文件为进水和出水质量（如硬度、碱度等）的表征提供了指导。）以及这些过程对这些成分的影响。软化脱盐的目的仅针对冷却循环水、锅炉水、生产工艺水、清洗水等对硬度和盐度有要求的回用用途。 本文件包括以下子部分-废水软化和脱盐过程的过程: a)基于化学沉淀、离子交换和NF的废水软化工艺，旨在去除硬度离子，如Mg2+和Ca2+； b)基于离子交换、RO、ED、EDI和NF的脱盐工艺，旨在去除大部分总溶解固体(TDS)。 本文件适用于: a)工业含盐废水，必要时经过预处理以去除大部分有机物； b)工业废水再利用的废水软化和脱盐工艺的选择或设计。

This document provides guidance on, the evaluation and comparison of wastewater softening and desalination processes for industrial wastewater reclamation and reuse with specific consideration for the following six: 1) chemical precipitation; 2) ion exchange; 3) nanofiltration (NF); 4) reverse osmosis (RO); 5) electrodialysis (ED) and 6) electrodeionization (EDI). This document provides guidance on the characterisation of both influent and effluent quality (e.g. hardness, alkalinity, etc.) and the effects of these processes on those constituents. The purpose of softening and desalination is only for the reuse usages that have requirements for hardness and salinity, such as cooling circulating water, boiler water, production process water, and cleaning water. This document includes the following sub-processes of wastewater softening and desalination processes: a) wastewater softening processes based on chemical precipitation, ion exchange and NF, which aim to remove hardness ions, such as Mg²⁺ and Ca²⁺; b) desalination processes based on ion exchange, RO, ED, EDI and NF, which aim to remove the most of total dissolved solids (TDS). This document is applicable to: a) industrial saline wastewater, which has been pre-treated to remove most of the organic matters if necessary; b) the selection or design of wastewater softening and desalination processes for reuse of wastewater from industries.