本文件提供了轮齿磨损和故障的一般模式的术语。它对最常见的故障类型进行分类、识别和描述，并提供信息，在许多情况下，这些信息使用户能够识别故障模式，并评估与原始状态相比的程度或变化。 本文件基于钢齿轮的经验；然而，讨论的许多故障模式适用于由其他材料制成的齿轮。并非所有可能发生在其他类型齿轮（如塑料、青铜或粉末金属齿轮）上的故障模式都包括在内。 许多齿轮问题的解决方案需要专家进行详细调查和分析，超出了本文件的范围。 本文件仅规定了有助于识别和报告齿轮在运行一段时间后的外观和状况的术语。 未讨论所述任何情况的原因或预防措施。 在本文件中，齿轮指的是齿轮和小齿轮，除非齿轮有明确标识。 本文件未定义“齿轮故障”。

This document provides nomenclature for general modes of gear tooth wear and failure. It classifies, identifies, and describes the most common types of failure and provides information that, in many cases, enables the user to identify failure modes and evaluate the degree or change from original condition. This document is based on experience with steel gears; however, many of the failure modes discussed apply to gears made from other materials. Not all failure modes that can occur on other types of gears, such as plastic, bronze, or powder metal gears, are included. The solution to many gear problems requires detailed investigation and analysis by specialists and is beyond the scope of this document. This document specifies only the terminology intended to help with the identification and reporting of the appearance and conditions of gears after a period of operation. Neither causes nor preventive measures for any condition described are discussed. In this document, gear refers to both gear wheels and pinions, unless the gear is specifically identified. This document does not define "gear failure".