1.1 这些试验方法包括测定燃烧耐火砖的以下性能: 1.1.1 表观孔隙度， 1.1.2 吸水率， 1.1.3 视比重，以及 1.1.4 体积密度。 1.2 这些试验方法不适用于受水侵蚀的耐火材料。 1.3 以英寸-磅为单位的数值应视为标准值。括号中给出的值仅供参考。 1.4 本标准并非旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。本标准的用户有责任在使用前制定适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 1.5 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒（TBT）委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认标准化原则制定的。 ====意义和用途====== 3.1 表观孔隙度、吸水率、表观比重和体积密度是耐火砖和形状的主要特性。这些特性广泛用于产品质量的评估和比较，并作为各种工业应用中耐火产品选择和使用标准的一部分。这些试验方法用于确定任何或所有这些特性。 3.2 这些测试方法是主要的标准方法，适用于质量控制、研究和开发、建立标准和评估规范的符合性，并为设计目的提供数据。 3.3 这些试验方法固有的基本假设是，试样不受水侵蚀，试样符合尺寸、配置和原始表面的要求，试样的开口孔在沸腾处理期间完全浸透水，按照规定，以一致和均匀的方式对饱和试样进行吸墨术，以避免从孔隙中吸水。 偏离任何这些假设都会对测试结果产生不利影响。 3.4 在涉及浇注料试样的实验室研究中，发现2×2×2英寸之间存在偏差。（50×50×50 mm）和从较大的9×4.5×2.5（228×114×64 mm）铸造试样四分之一的试样。此外，当试样加热到1500℃时，发现浇注料的表观孔隙度测定存在误差 华氏度（816 °C），然后暴露于水作为饱和介质（试验方法 C830 ). 误差归因于水泥与水的反应性以及随后水泥相的再水化。浇注料的水泥水平越高，记录的误差越大。得出的结论是，对于可能与水形成水合物质的耐火材料，孔隙率值可能会出现误差。 3. 3.5 在解释和使用这些试验方法的结果时，必须采取某些预防措施。 在测试期间生成的三个基本数据值中，至少有两个与所有四个属性值相关。因此，任何基础数据值中的错误将导致给定试样的至少三个特性值中的错误。某些特性，即视比重和体积密度，是其他因素的函数，例如产品成分、同一产品内的成分变异性、不透水孔隙度和总孔隙度。只有在通过这些测试方法测试的同类产品之间，或在充分认识到被比较产品或所用测试方法之间潜在的固有差异的情况下，才能明智地对特性值进行概括或比较。

1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the following properties of burned refractory brick: 1.1.1 Apparent porosity, 1.1.2 Water absorption, 1.1.3 Apparent specific gravity, and 1.1.4 Bulk density. 1.2 These test methods are not applicable to refractories attacked by water. 1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 3.1 Apparent porosity, water absorption, apparent specific gravity, and bulk density are primary properties of burned refractory brick and shapes. These properties are widely used in the evaluation and comparison of product quality and as part of the criteria for selection and use of refractory products in a variety of industrial applications. These test methods are used for determining any or all of these properties. 3.2 These test methods are primary standard methods which are suitable for use in quality control, research and development, establishing criteria for and evaluating compliance with specifications, and providing data for design purposes. 3.3 Fundamental assumptions inherent in these test methods are that the test specimens are not attacked by water, the test specimens conform to the requirements for size, configuration, and original faces, the open pores of the test specimens are fully impregnated with water during the boiling treatment, and the blotting of the saturated test specimens is performed as specified in a consistent and uniform manner to avoid withdrawing water from the pores. Deviation from any of these assumptions adversely affects the test results. 3.4 In laboratory studies involving castable specimens, a bias was noted between formed 2 by 2 by 2 in. (50 by 50 by 50 mm) and specimens that were quartered from larger 9 by 4.5 by 2.5 (228 by 114 by 64 mm) cast specimens. Additionally, an error in the apparent porosity determination on castables was found whenever the specimens were heated to 1500 °F (816 °C) and then exposed to water as a saturation media (Test Methods C830 ). The error was attributed to reactivity of cement with water and subsequent re-hydration of cement phases. The higher the cement level of the castable, the greater the error noted. It was concluded that an error in porosity values could occur for refractory materials having a potential to form hydrated species with water. 3 3.5 Certain precautions must be exercised in interpreting and using results from these test methods. All four property values are interrelated by at least two of the three base data values generated during testing. Thus, an error in any base data value will cause an error in at least three of the property values for a given test specimen. Certain of the properties, that is, apparent specific gravity and bulk density, are functions of other factors such as product composition, compositional variability within the same product, impervious porosity, and total porosity. Generalizations on or comparisons of property values should only be judiciously made between like products tested by these test methods or with full recognition of potentially inherent differences between the products being compared or the test method used.