正渗透是一种工程渗透驱动的膜工艺，使用 浓缩溶液（包括海水）的渗透压，用于从 稀释溶液。在一种新的方法中，正渗透利用 海水和受损水是用再生水稀释海水的驱动力 水通过稀释进入反渗透脱盐装置的海水进料流，能源 海水淡化的需求减少，两个严密的屏障已经到位，以提高对海水淡化的拒绝 受损给水流中可能存在的污染物。这一过程在实验室进行了测试 试验台和中试规模，包括生活污水中的二级和三级废水 处理厂和南普拉特河受损的地表水。而水流量 通常较低，连续运行数周后，由于污垢导致的流量下降最小。 此外，多重膜屏障对这两种物质的截留率均超过90% 有机和无机溶质。正渗透/反渗透混合工艺 在广泛的操作范围内，被发现在经济和技术上都是可行的 条件包括2个参考文献、表格和图表。

Forward osmosis is an engineered osmotically-driven membrane process that uses osmotic pressure of concentrated solutions, including seawater, to extract clean water from diluted solution. In a new approach, forward osmosis uses the salinity difference between seawater and impaired water as the driving forces to dilute seawater with a source of reclaimed water. By diluting the seawater feed stream to a reverse osmosis desalination plant, the energy demand of desalination is reduced, and two tight barriers are in place to enhance the rejection of contaminants that might be present in the impaired water feed stream. The process was tested on both bench and pilot scale with secondary and tertiary effluents from a domestic wastewater treatment plant and with impaired surface water from the South Platte River. While water flux was generally low, flux decline due to fouling was minimal after weeks of continuous operation. Additionally, the multiple membrane barriers provided greater than 90% rejection of both organic and inorganic solutes. The hybrid forward osmosis / reverse osmosis process was found to be both economically and technically feasible over a broad range of operating conditions. Includes 2 references, table, figures.