微小隐孢子虫卵囊对饮用水处理中常用的化学消毒剂的灭活具有较强的抵抗力。因此，与灭活其他水传播病原体所需的CT值相比，需要暴露在显著更高的CT值（即消毒剂浓度和接触时间的乘积）下。特别值得关注的是，两种最常见的消毒剂游离氯和组合氯的CT值非常高，以至于在全尺寸饮用水处理厂通常使用的条件下，这些化学品被视为基本消毒剂时实际上无效。相比之下，最近的研究表明，一到两个C。 当使用臭氧进行一次消毒后使用这些化学物质时，通过使用游离氯或组合氯进行二次处理，可以在较低的CT值下实现微小卵囊失活。相比之下，使用二氧化氯作为主要消毒剂，然后使用游离氯或组合氯进行二次处理的顺序消毒方案没有观察到这种协同作用。有人提议使用枯草芽孢杆菌孢子作为微小隐球菌卵囊的替代物。臭氧和一氯胺对枯草杆菌孢子的初步灭活动力学与这两种消毒剂在20℃下灭活微小隐球菌卵囊的动力学相当一致。 然而，目前还没有关于这两种消毒剂在20摄氏度以外的温度下的灭活动力学比较情况的信息。此外，还没有关于单独使用这些消毒剂时，微小隐球菌卵囊和枯草芽孢杆菌孢子与二氧化氯或游离氯的灭活动力学的比较研究报告，或连续使用臭氧或二氧化氯作为主要消毒剂，使用游离或复合氯作为次要消毒剂。基于上一段中确定的需求，本项目的总体目标是对C。 单独使用或顺序使用这些消毒剂时，细小卵囊和枯草芽孢杆菌孢子与臭氧、二氧化氯、游离氯和一氯胺混合。包括12个参考文献、图表。

Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts have a relatively strong resistance to inactivation with chemical disinfectants commonly used in drinking water treatment. As a result, exposure to significantly higher CT (i.e., product of disinfectant concentration and contact time) values is required compared to those needed to inactivate other waterborne pathogens. Of particular concern is that the CT values for the two most common disinfectants free and combined chlorine are so high that these chemicals are considered practically ineffective when used as primary disinfectants under conditions typically used in full-scale drinking water treatment plants. In contrast, recent studies have shown that one to two logs of C. parvum oocyst inactivation can be achieved at lower CT values by secondary treatment with free or combined chlorine when these chemicals are used after primary disinfection with ozone. In contrast no such synergy is observed with sequential disinfection schemes using chlorine dioxide as the primary disinfectant followed by secondary treatment with free or combined chlorine. The use of Bacillus subtilis spores as surrogates for C. parvum oocysts has been proposed. The primary inactivation kinetics of B. subtilis spores with ozone and monochloramine have been shown to agree reasonably well with the kinetics of C. parvum oocyst inactivation with these two disinfectants at the temperature of 20 degrees C. However, no information is currently available about how well the inactivation kinetics with these two disinfectants compare at temperatures other than 20 degrees C. Furthermore, no comparative study has been reported for the inactivation kinetics of C. parvum oocysts and B. subtilis spores with chlorine dioxide or free chlorine when these disinfectants are used alone, or with sequential applications of ozone or chlorine dioxide as primary disinfectants and free or combined chlorine as secondary disinfectants. Based on the needs identified in the preceding paragraph, the overall objective of this project was to perform a comprehensive comparative study of the inactivation kinetics of C. parvum oocysts and B. subtilis spores with ozone, chlorine dioxide, free chlorine, and monochloramine when these disinfectants are used singly or applied sequentially. Includes 12 references, figures.