1.1 本规程涵盖了使用捞筒对分层或未分层的水和液体废物进行取样的程序。 1.2 在本实践中讨论了三个具体的保释人。保释是单止回阀和双止回阀以及压差。 1.3 本标准不包括用户可用的所有打捞装置。为这种做法选择的保释人是商业上可获得的典型保释人。 1.4 此做法应与指南结合使用 D4687 实践 D5088 ，和实践 D5283 . 1.5 本标准并不旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。本标准的使用者有责任在使用前制定适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 1.6 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认的标准化原则制定的。 ====意义和用途====== 5.1 保释器是一种用于从分层或未分层的水和液体废物中获得样品的装置。bailer最常见的用途是从单筛井中对地下水进行采样( 图1 )和井组（请参阅指南 D4448 ). 5.2 本规程适用于水和液体废物的取样。采样程序将取决于采样计划和数据质量目标（DQO）（实践 D5792 ). 5.3 提环器可用于对地下和地上储罐以及地表蓄水池中的水和液体废物进行取样。然而，应充分了解该装置和相关管道的设计，以便保释者能够进入所需的隔室和深度。取样前应确定液体的任何分层情况。 注1: 粘性液体和悬浮固体可能会干扰保释器的设计操作。 5.4 提环可能会干扰水柱，并可能导致待测参数（例如浊度、气体等）发生变化。 5.5 在低流量井中使用捞砂筒进行吹扫可能会导致样品中的搅拌和浊度增加，并且如果水面水位下降到筛网顶部以下，则可能会给样品带来误差。 在这种情况下，替代采样方法，如被动采样（指南 D7929 )或低流量取样（实践 D6771 )应予以考虑。 5.6 如果要收集样品以测定全氟和多氟烷基物质（PFAS），则所有取样设备均应由无氟材料制成。PFAS取样可能存在其他考虑因素，但超出了本标准的范围。

1.1 This practice covers the procedure for sampling stratified or un-stratified waters and liquid waste using bailers. 1.2 Three specific bailers are discussed in this practice. The bailers are the single and double check valve and differential pressure. 1.3 This standard does not cover all of the bailing devices available to the user. The bailers chosen for this practice are typical of those commercially available. 1.4 This practice should be used in conjunction with Guide D4687 , Practice D5088 , and Practice D5283 . 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 5.1 A bailer is a device for obtaining a sample from stratified or un-stratified waters and liquid wastes. The most common use of a bailer is for sampling ground water from single-screened wells ( Fig. 1 ) and well clusters (see Guide D4448 ). 5.2 This practice is applicable to sampling water and liquid wastes. The sampling procedure will depend on sampling plan and the data quality objectives (DQOs) (Practice D5792 ). 5.3 Bailers may be used to sample waters and liquid wastes in underground and above ground tanks and surface impoundments. However, the design of the unit and associated piping should be well understood so that the bailer can access the desired compartment and depth. Any stratification of the liquid should be identified prior to sampling. Note 1: Viscous liquids and suspended solids may interfere with a bailer's designed operation. 5.4 Bailers may disturb the water column and may cause changes to the parameters to be measured (for example, turbidity, gases, etc.). 5.5 The use of bailers in low flow wells for purging can result in increased agitation and turbidity in the sample and can introduce errors into the sample if the water surface level is drawn down below the top of the screen. In such cases, alternate methods of sampling such as Passive Sampling (Guide D7929 ) or Low Flow Sampling (Practice D6771 ) should be considered. 5.6 If samples are to be collected for the determination of per- and poly-fluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS), all sampling equipment should be made of fluorine-free materials. Other considerations for PFAS sampling may exist but are beyond the scope of this standard.