1987年颁布的《蒙特利尔议定书》要求到1998年年中，R12的产量比1986年的水平减少50%（1987年《联邦公报》）。因此，必须尽快决定更换制冷剂，以便有时间进行设计更改、产品寿命测试和重新装备。为了选择对能源消耗和环境影响最小的制冷剂，对潜在制冷剂进行了筛选分析，最终选出了六种候选制冷剂。筛选结果表明，基于以下标准，R134a、R134、R152a、R134a/R152a、R22/R152a/R124和R134a/R152a/R124是未来最有前途的制冷剂:臭氧消耗潜能（ODP）、温室升温潜能（GWP）、性能系数（COP）和安全性。在筛选研究之后，对三种纯制冷剂在18 ft3（0。 51 m3）根据家用电器制造商协会（AHAM）家用冰箱和家用冷冻机（AHAM）标准自动除霜顶部安装式冰箱冷冻机。结果表明，在最高效的机油中，R134、R152a和R134a的能耗分别增加了6.8%、7.3%。然而，当考虑到压缩机效率的影响时，R152a的标准化能耗仅增加2.7%，R134a和R134均增加5.5%。关键词:制冷剂、冰箱、冷冻机、R134a、R134、R12、R152a、R22、R124、混合物、能耗、空气污染、室外、臭氧、温室效应、性能系数、安全、测试、家用、压缩机、效率引用:研讨会，ASHRAE Trans。1991年，第97卷，第2部分

The Montreal Protocol, enacted in 1987, requires that by mid-1998, the production of R12 be reduced by 50% relative to 1986 levels (Federal Register 1987). As a result, a replacement refrigerant must be decided upon as soon as possible to allow time for design changes, product life tests, and retooling. In an effort to select a refrigerant that has minimal impact on energy consumption and the environment, a screening analysis of potential refrigerants was performed that resulted in the selected of six candidates. The screening results show that R134a, R134, R152a, R134a/R152a, R22/R152a/R124, and R134a/R152a/R124 are the most promising refrigerants for future use based on the following criteria - ozone depletion potential (ODP), greenhouse warming potential (GWP), coefficient of performance (COP), and safety. Following the screening study, energy consumption tests were performed for the three pure refrigerants in an 18 ft3 (0.51 m3) automatic-defrost top-mount refrigerator-freezer in accordance with the Association of Home Appliance Manufacturers (AHAM) standard for household refrigerators and household freezers (AHAM). The results indicate an increased energy consumption of 6.8%, 7.3%, respectively, for R134, R152a, and R134a in the most efficient oil. However, when the effects of compressor efficiency are taken into account, the normalised energy consumption results in an increase of only 2.7% for R152a and 5.5% for both R134a and R134.KEYWORDS: refrigerants, refrigerators, freezers, R134a, R134, R12, R152a, R22, R124, mixtures, energy consumption, air pollution, outdoor, ozone, greenhouse effect, coefficient of performance, safety, testing, domestic, compressors, efficiency