1.1 本标准涵盖了测定金属涂层孔隙率的设备和试验方法，其中孔隙渗透至银、铜或铜合金基材。 1.2 本试验方法适用于由任何涂层的单层或复合层组成的涂层，该涂层在还原硫气氛中不会显著变色，例如金、镍、锡、锡铅和钯或其合金。 1.3 本试验方法旨在确定孔隙度水平是否小于或大于用户根据经验认为适用于预期应用的某个值。 1.4 有关孔隙度测试和测试方法的最新综述，请参阅文献。 2. , 3. 指导 B765 适用于协助选择电镀层和相关金属涂层的孔隙率测试。其他孔隙度测试标准为测试方法 B735型 , B741 , B798 和 B799 . 1.5 以国际单位制表示的数值应视为标准。括号中给出的值仅供参考。 1.6 本标准并非旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。 本标准的用户有责任在使用前制定适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 有关具体的危险声明，请参阅第节 8. . 1.7 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒（TBT）委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认标准化原则制定的。 ====意义和用途====== 5.1 该测试程序的主要用途是确定涂层质量。孔隙率测试表明涂层提供的保护或覆盖的完整性，因为 1.2 正确使用时具有保护作用。因此，孔隙度测试结果是沉积过程控制的衡量标准。 5.2 湿硫蒸汽试验的一个特殊目的是确定薄涂层系统中镍或镍合金底板的质量。 镍上方2μm或更小（50μin或更小）的顶层，因为底板中的孔隙通常持续到此类顶层。 5.3 湿硫蒸汽试验通常用作环境试验，以模拟许多室内潮湿大气的变色和变色蠕变效应。然而，这些变色膜的化学和性能可能与其他使用环境中的不同。对于此类产品性能评估，该测试只能与该产品参考文件中规定的其他性能评估测试结合使用。 5.4 孔隙率测试不同于腐蚀和老化测试，因为后者旨在测量涂层的化学惰性。相反，在良好的孔隙率测试程序中，腐蚀剂不应侵蚀涂层。相反，它必须清洁、去极化或激活由孔或两者暴露的基体金属，并充分侵蚀它，使反应产物将孔填充到涂层表面。 5.5 湿硫测试具有很高的灵敏度，能够检测几乎所有渗透到铜或铜合金的孔隙。 由于镍在100°C或更低温度下不会受到潮湿硫蒸汽的侵蚀，如果此类孔隙或裂纹没有穿透覆在铜上的镍底板，则本试验不会检测到顶部涂层中的孔隙或裂纹。 5.6 涂层中可容忍的孔隙率水平取决于产品在使用或储存期间可能遇到的环境的严重程度。此外，表面上孔隙的位置也很重要。如果孔隙数量很少或远离有效表面，则通常可以容忍其存在。 5.7 本试验方法可用于各种几何形状的样品，如曲面。如果考虑到裸铜合金区域的变色蠕变，它也可用于选择性区域涂层。 5.8 该试验方法具有破坏性，因为它通过用变色膜污染表面来揭示孔隙的存在。暴露于本试验方法中的任何零件均不得投入使用。 5.9 本试验方法揭示的孔隙度水平与产品性能和使用寿命的关系必须由试验用户通过实践经验或判断得出。 因此，某些应用可能需要涂层中没有孔隙，而其他应用可能可以接受有效表面上的少量孔隙。

1.1 This standard covers equipment and test methods for determining the porosity of metallic coatings, where the pores penetrate down to a silver, copper, or copper-alloy substrate. 1.2 This test method is suitable for coatings consisting of single or combined layers of any coating that does not significantly tarnish in a reduced sulfur atmosphere, such as gold, nickel, tin, tin-lead, and palladium, or their alloys. 1.3 This test method is designed to determine whether the porosity level is less than or greater than some value which by experience is considered by the user to be acceptable for the intended application. 1.4 Recent reviews of porosity testing and testing methods can be found in the literature. 2 , 3 Guide B765 is suitable to assist in the selection of porosity tests for electrodeposits and related metallic coatings. Other porosity test standards are Test Methods B735 , B741 , B798 , and B799 . 1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazards statements, see Section 8 . 1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 5.1 A major use of this test procedure is for determining coating quality. Porosity tests are indications of the completeness of protection or coverage offered by the coatings, since the coatings described in 1.2 are intended to be protective when properly applied. The porosity test results are therefore a measure of the deposition process control. 5.2 A particular purpose of the humid sulfur vapor test is for determining the quality of underplates of nickel or nickel alloy in those finish systems that have thin, 1.2 μm or less (50 μin. or less) top layers above the nickel, since porosity in the underplate usually continues into such top layers. 5.3 The humid sulfur vapor test is often used as an environmental test to simulate many indoor humid atmosphere tarnishing and tarnish creepage effects. However, the chemistry and properties of these tarnish films may not resemble those found in other service environments. For such product performance evaluations, the test should only be used in combination with other performance evaluation tests, as specified in the referencing document for that product. 5.4 Porosity tests differ from corrosion and aging tests, since the latter are intended to measure the chemical inertness of the coating. In contrast, in a good porosity test procedure the corrosive agent should not attack the coating. It must instead, clean, depolarize, or activate the substrate metal exposed by the pore, or both, and attack it sufficiently to cause reaction products to fill the pore to the surface of the coating. 5.5 The humid sulfur test is highly sensitive, and is capable of detecting virtually all porosity that penetrates down to copper or copper alloys. Since nickel is not attacked by moist sulfur vapor at 100°C or less, this test will not detect pores or cracks in the top coating if such pores or cracks do not penetrate through the nickel underplate overlaying the copper. 5.6 The level of porosity in the coating that may be tolerable depends on the severity of the environment that the product is likely to encounter during service or storage. Also, the location of the pores on the surface is important. If the pores are few in number or away from the significant surfaces, their presence can often be tolerated. 5.7 The present test method can be used on samples of various geometries, such as curved surfaces. It can also be used for selective area coatings, if allowance is made for tarnish creepage from bare copper alloy areas. 5.8 This test method is destructive in that it reveals the presence of porosity by contaminating the surface with tarnish films. Any parts exposed to this test method should not be placed in service. 5.9 The relationship of porosity levels revealed by this test method to product performance and service life must be made by the user of the test through practical experience or by judgment. Thus, absence of porosity in the coating may be a requirement for some applications, while a few pores on the significant surfaces may be acceptable for others.