1.1本试验方法包括监测在用石油和碳氢化合物基润滑剂中的磷酸盐抗磨添加剂，如各种类型的发动机机油、液压油和其他为防止磨损而配制的润滑剂。典型的磷酸盐抗磨添加剂包括二烷基二硫代磷酸锌、磷酸三烷基酯和磷酸三芳基酯。 1.2本试验方法使用傅立叶变换红外光谱法（FT-IR）监测在用石油和碳氢化合物润滑油中磷酸盐抗磨添加剂在正常机械操作过程中的损耗。监测在用润滑油中磷酸盐抗磨添加剂的消耗可能表明机器出现异常磨损或严重的工作条件。本试验方法设计为快速、简单的光谱检查，用于监测in中的磷酸盐抗磨添加剂- 维修石油和碳氢化合物润滑油，目的是通过测量油中磷酸盐抗磨添加剂的水平来帮助诊断机器的运行状况。 1.3实施规程D 7418中描述了在用油和润滑剂样品中测量磷酸盐抗磨添加剂的FT-IR光谱数据采集 . 在本试验方法中，介绍了使用直接趋势分析和差分（谱减法）趋势分析的磷酸盐抗磨添加剂的测量和数据解释参数。 1.4本试验方法基于在用石油和烃基润滑剂中磷酸盐抗磨添加剂的光谱变化趋势。可以根据单个测量的固定最小值设置警告或报警限值，或者也可以根据测量响应的变化率设置警告或报警限值，参见参考文献（1）。 1.4.1对于直接趋势分析，直接从吸收光谱记录值，并以每0.1 mm光程的吸光度单位报告。 1.4.2对于差分趋势分析，从差分光谱（通过将参考油的吸收光谱减去在用油的吸收光谱获得的光谱）中记录值，并以每0.1 mm光程长100*吸光度的单位（或相当于每厘米吸光度单位）报告。 1.4.3在任何一种情况下，应通过统计分析、相同或类似设备的历史记录、循环试验或其他方法以及磷酸盐抗磨添加剂水平变化与设备性能的相关性来确定维护行动限制。 笔记 1-本试验方法的目的不是建立或建议任何机械的正常、警戒、警告或警戒极限。 应结合机械制造商和维护小组的建议和指导制定此类限制。 1.5本试验方法适用于石油和烃基润滑剂，不适用于酯基油，包括多元醇酯或磷酸酯。 1.6以国际单位制表示的数值应视为标准值。本标准不包括其他计量单位。 1.6.1 例外 — 波数单位为厘米 -1 . 1.7 本标准并非旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。本标准的用户有责任在使用前制定适当的安全和健康实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 ====意义和用途====== 抗磨添加剂通常用于石油和碳氢化合物基润滑剂中，通过形成由摩擦热激活的化学屏障来防止机械磨损。 磷酸盐基抗磨添加剂可以使用磷酸盐吸收带通过FT-IR光谱进行测量。最初，磷酸盐抗磨添加剂将通过结合到金属表面并通过氧化机制分解并形成保护膜，因此，在正常机械操作期间，磷酸盐抗磨添加剂的含量预计会低于新油中的含量。随后，当润滑剂经受高温和高水分时，可能会由于氧化或水解而导致磷酸盐抗磨添加剂显著耗尽。这通常发生在润滑剂氧化开始加速之前 — 使磷酸盐抗磨添加剂的趋势成为润滑剂的有用指标 ’ s剩余使用寿命。因此，磷酸盐抗磨添加剂消耗的监测是确定整体机械健康状况的一个重要参数，应结合其他测试的数据，如用于磨损金属分析的原子发射光谱（AE）和原子吸收光谱（AA）（测试方法D 5185）来考虑 )，物理性能试验（试验方法D 445 ，D 2896 ，和D 6304 )和其他FT-IR油氧化分析方法（试验方法D 7414 )，硫酸盐副产物（试验方法D 7415 )硝化、分解产物和外部污染物（实施规程E 2412 )它还评估了油的成分 ’ s条件，见参考文献（1-6）。

1.1 This test method covers monitoring phosphate antiwear additives in in-service petroleum and hydrocarbon based lubricants such as various types of engine oils, hydraulic oils, and other lubricants that are formulated for protection against wear. Typical phosphate antiwear additives include zinc dialkyldithiophosphates, trialkyl phosphates and triaryl phosphates. 1.2 This test method uses Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectrometry for monitoring of phosphate antiwear additive depletion in in-service petroleum and hydrocarbon based lubricants as a result of normal machinery operation. Monitoring the depletion of phosphate antiwear additives in in-service lubricants can indicate unusual wear or severe operating conditions of the machine. This test method is designed as a fast, simple spectroscopic check for monitoring of phosphate antiwear additives in in-service petroleum and hydrocarbon based lubricants with the objective of helping diagnose the operational condition of the machine based on measuring the level of phosphate antiwear additives in the oil. 1.3 Acquisition of FT-IR spectral data for measuring phosphate antiwear additives in in-service oil and lubricant samples is described in Practice D 7418 . In this test method, measurement and data interpretation parameters for phosphate antiwear additives using both direct trend analysis and differential (spectral subtraction) trend analysis are presented. 1.4 This test method is based on trending of spectral changes associated with phosphate antiwear additives in in-service petroleum and hydrocarbon based lubricants. Warnings or alarm limits can be set on the basis of a fixed minimum value for a single measurement or, alternatively, can be based on a rate of change of the response measured, see Ref (1). 1.4.1 For direct trend analysis, values are recorded directly from absorption spectra and reported in units of absorbance per 0.1 mm pathlength. 1.4.2 For differential trend analysis, values are recorded from the differential spectra (spectrum obtained by subtraction of the absorption spectrum of the reference oil from that of the in-service oil) and reported in units of 100*absorbance per 0.1 mm pathlength (or equivalently absorbance units per centimeter). 1.4.3 In either case, maintenance action limits should be determined through statistical analysis, history of the same or similar equipment, round robin tests or other methods in conjunction with the correlation of changes in the level of phosphate antiwear additives to equipment performance. Note 1—It is not the intent of this test method to establish or recommend normal, cautionary, warning or alert limits for any machinery. Such limits should be established in conjunction with advice and guidance from the machinery manufacturer and maintenance group. 1.5 This test method is for petroleum and hydrocarbon based lubricants and is not applicable for ester based oils, including polyol esters or phosphate esters. 1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.6.1 Exception — The unit for wave numbers is cm -1 . 1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. ====== Significance And Use ====== Antiwear additives are commonly used in petroleum and hydrocarbon based lubricants to prevent machinery wear by forming a chemical barrier activated by frictional heat. Antiwear additives that are phosphate based can be measured by FT-IR spectroscopy using the phosphate absorption band. Initially, phosphate antiwear additives will decompose and form a protective film by binding to metal surfaces and through oxidative mechanisms, and so a decrease in the level of phosphate antiwear additive relative to that in the new oil is expected during normal machinery operation. Subsequently, significant depletion of phosphate antiwear additives due to oxidation or hydrolysis can occur when the lubricant is subjected to high temperatures and high levels of moisture. This usually occurs prior to the point where the oxidation of the lubricant begins to accelerate — making trending of phosphate antiwear additives a useful indicator of the lubricant ’ s remaining in-service life. Monitoring of phosphate antiwear additive depletion is therefore an important parameter in determining overall machinery health and should be considered in conjunction with data from other tests such as atomic emission (AE) and atomic absorption (AA) spectroscopy for wear metal analysis (Test Method D 5185 ), physical property tests (Test Methods D 445 , D 2896 , and D 6304 ) and other FT-IR oil analysis methods for oxidation (Test Method D 7414 ), sulfate by-products (Test Method D 7415 ), nitration, breakdown products and external contaminants (Practice E 2412 ), which also assess elements of the oil ’ s condition, see Refs (1-6).