1.1 本试验方法涵盖了一个现场程序，用于确定渗透率低于10的地质地层的透射率和储能率 −3. μm 2. （1毫达西）使用恒定头部注射。 1.2 如果测试间隔代表整个区域，且围岩完全浸水，则通过本测试方法确定的透射率和储水率值可以很好地近似表示感兴趣区域的输水能力。 1.3 单位- 以国际单位制表示的数值应视为标准值。本标准不包括其他计量单位。以国际单位制以外的单位报告试验结果不应视为不符合本标准。 注1: 单位转换 -地层渗透率通常用单位达西（非SI）表示。当粘度为1 cp（1 mPa·s）的流体以1 cm的速率流过多孔介质时，多孔介质的渗透率为1达西 3. /s（10 –6 m 3. /s） /1厘米 2. (10 –4 m 2. )压差为1 atm（101.4 kPa）/1 cm（10 mm）长度时的横截面积。一个达西对应于0.987μm 2. . 对于20°C下作为流动流体的水，9.66μm/s的导水率对应于1达西渗透率。磁导率也可以表示为毫达西（md），它不是国际单位制。 1.4 所有观察值和计算值应符合实践中确定的有效数字和舍入准则 D6026 . 1.4.1 本标准中用于规定如何收集/记录或计算数据的程序被视为行业标准。此外，它们代表了通常应保留的有效数字。使用的程序不考虑材料变化、获取数据的目的、特殊目的研究或用户目标的任何考虑因素；通常的做法是增加或减少报告数据的有效位数，以与这些考虑因素相称。 考虑工程设计分析方法中使用的有效数字超出了本标准的范围。 1.5 本标准并非旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。本标准的用户有责任在使用前制定适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 1.6 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒（TBT）委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认标准化原则制定的。 ====意义和用途====== 5.1 试验方法- 恒压注入试验方法用于确定充填层周围低渗透地层的透过率和储能率。该方法的优点是:( 1. )它避免了井筒储存的影响( 2. )它可以用于广泛的岩体渗透性，以及( 3. )与在渗透性更强的岩石中使用的传统泵和段塞试验相比，它的持续时间要短得多。 5.2 分析- 通过Jacob和Lohman描述的曲线匹配技术，评估使用建议试验方法获得的瞬态水流量数据 ( 1. ) 4. 并扩展到Doe对单个裂缝的分析 等 ( 2. ). 如果水流量达到稳定状态，则可用于计算试验间隔的透过率 ( 3. ). 注2: 本标准产生的结果的质量取决于执行该标准的人员的能力，以及所用设备和设施的适用性。 符合实践标准的机构 D3740 通常认为能够胜任和客观的测试/采样/检查等。本标准的用户应注意遵守惯例 D3740 本身并不能保证可靠的结果。可靠的结果取决于许多因素；实践 D3740 提供了一种评估其中一些因素的方法。 注3: 裂缝地形中任何无侧限环境中的油井功能可能会使k的确定产生问题，因为油井可能只与支流或辅助河道或导管相交。 尽管存在确定通道或导管k的问题，但支路通道的部分穿透可能会使确定有意义的数字变得困难。如果绘制并比较碳酸盐岩和其他裂缝环境中的k图，它们可能没有显示存在导管或通道的迹象，除非以最低的概率，导管或通道可能与钻孔相交并且可以验证，否则此类问题由沃辛顿描述 ( 4. ) 和Smart，1999年 ( 5. ) . 更多指南可在指南中找到 D5717 .

1.1 This test method covers a field procedure for determining the transmissivity and storativity of geological formations having permeabilities lower than 10 −3 μm 2 (1 millidarcy) using constant head injection. 1.2 The transmissivity and storativity values determined by this test method provide a good approximation of the capacity of the zone of interest to transmit water, if the test intervals are representative of the entire zone and the surrounding rock is fully water-saturated. 1.3 Units— The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. Reporting of test results in units other than SI shall not be regarded as nonconformance with this standard. Note 1: Unit Conversions —The permeability of a formation is often expressed in terms of the unit darcy (non-SI). A porous medium has a permeability of 1 Darcy when a fluid of viscosity 1 cp (1 mPa·s) flows through it at a rate of 1 cm 3 /s (10 –6 m 3 /s)/1 cm 2 (10 –4 m 2 ) cross-sectional area at a pressure differential of 1 atm (101.4 kPa)/1 cm (10 mm) of length. One Darcy corresponds to 0.987 μm 2 . For water as the flowing fluid at 20°C, a hydraulic conductivity of 9.66 μm/s corresponds to a permeability of 1 Darcy. Permeabilities may also be expressed as millidarcy (md), which is not an SI unit. 1.4 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026 . 1.4.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded or calculated, in this standard are regarded as the industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that generally should be retained. The procedures used do not consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the user’s objectives; and it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be commensurate with these considerations. It is beyond the scope of this standard to consider significant digits used in analytical methods for engineering design. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 5.1 Test Method— The constant pressure injection test method is used to determine the transmissivity and storativity of low-permeability formations surrounding packed-off intervals. Advantages of the method are: ( 1 ) it avoids the effect of well-bore storage, ( 2 ) it may be employed over a wide range of rock mass permeabilities, and ( 3 ) it is considerably shorter in duration than the conventional pump and slug tests used in more permeable rocks. 5.2 Analysis— The transient water flow rate data obtained using the suggested test method are evaluated by the curve-matching technique described by Jacob and Lohman ( 1 ) 4 and extended to analysis of single fractures by Doe et al. ( 2 ). If the water flow rate attains steady state, it may be used to calculate the transmissivity of the test interval ( 3 ). Note 2: The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors. Note 3: The function of wells in any unconfined setting in a fractured terrain might make the determination of k problematic because the wells might only intersect tributary or subsidiary channels or conduits. The problems determining the k of a channel or conduit notwithstanding, the partial penetration of tributary channels may make determination of a meaningful number difficult. If plots of k in carbonates and other fractured settings are made and compared, they may show no indication that there are conduits or channels present, except when with the lowest probability one maybe intersected by a borehole and can be verified, such problems are described by Worthington ( 4 ) and Smart, 1999 ( 5 ) . Additional guidance can be found in Guide D5717 .